非洲国家世界遗产的地域特征与成因分析

从联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心网提供的按国家顺序排列的《世界遗产名录》中将属于非洲国家的世界遗产逐项析出,进一步通览每项遗产的介绍资料,根据最基本和最显著的特点将非洲世界遗产的地域特征归纳为:文化遗产远多于自然遗产而在全球自然遗产比例较高、自然遗产和双重遗产在热带地区分布比较集中、古城镇数量多、就地取材且原始性强、反映历史悠久的古老遗迹多、外来文化特征明显以及宗教和神秘色彩浓厚等方面。这些特征是在自然环境、历史发展和地缘位置的共同作用下形成的。

Analysis on the Geographical Feature and Genesis of World Heritage in Africa

After precipitating the world heritages in African States Parties from World Heritage List on http://whc.unesco.org,and further reading all their information,the African world heritages′geographical features are summed up according to the most basic and significant features.These geographical features are:1)The number of the cultural property is more than that of the natural property,the proportion of them is 2∶1;but the proportion of the natural to the cultural in Africa is double the average value in the global context;2)The basic features of the vast majority of the natural and mixed properites are consistent with the present environment conditions,they are comparatively concentrated in the tropics;3)Of all sorts of the cultural properites,the ancient cities and towns are the most;4)Using local materials and the primitive nature is strong;5)There are more ancient human culture,rock painting and carved rock art ruins with a long history;6)The external culture features of the states in the Mediterranean North Shore,Western Asia and South Asia are obvious;7)The mysterious flavour of Christianity,Islam and indigenous religion is strong.These features are formed through the common effects from the natural environment and its changs,historical development and the geo-location as nearest neighbor of Europe and Asia across the sea.