松花江底积物中多环芳烃生态风险评价

对松花江底积物中16种多环芳烃类化合物(PAHs)进行调查结果显示,松花江底积物中属于美国EPA优先控制的16种PAHs全被检出。16种PAHs总含量范围226.86～10079.68 ng.g-1,平均含量为2230.04 ng.g-1。其中,4环和5～6环PAHs的相对丰度为61.6%,2～3环PAHs的相对丰度为38.4%,研究表明松花江底积物中PAHs主要来源于生物化石燃料燃烧,仅支流嫩江齐齐哈尔下游段、干流肇源县西段主要体现为石油类输入。就松花江PAHs生态风险而言:在第二松花江吉林市上游、吉林市下游段,PAHs遍及低环、中环、高环都超过了生态效应警戒值低值(ERL);嫩江支流泰来东南段PAHs组分萘(Nap)、苊(Ace)、芴(Fl),松花江干流巴彦段二苯并[a,h]蒽(DBA)也超过了生态效应警戒值低值(ERL)。这说明这些超ERL值的河段底积物中PAHs对裸露生物体的毒副作用风险率大于10%,具有一定的潜在生态风险。

A discussion on ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some bottom sediments of the Songhua River

Bottom sediments from the Songhua River were analyzed to determine the total content and distribution patterns of 16 main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).The PAHs concentrations vary from 226.86 to 10079.68 ng·g-1,with the mean value being 2230.04 ng·g-1.The 4～6 rings PAHs possess 61.6 %,whereas 2～3 rings PAHs possess 38.4%,suggesting the derivation of PAHs mainly from pyrogenic(coal,oil,natural gas and wood) burning in the Songhua River.Petroleum sources only exist in the downstream of the Nenjiang River in Qiqihar City and the main stream of the Songhua River in western Zhaoyuan County.For evaluating the potential ecological risk of PAHs in the Songhau River,the potential ecological risk of PAHs was assessed on the basis of Effects Rang-Low(ERL),from low ring to high ring.There are components containing more PAHs than the ERL in the upstream and downstream of the Second Songhua River in Jilin City;Nap,Ace,Fl in the Nenjiang River of southeastern Tailai County and DBA in the Songhua River in Bayan County are higher than the ERL too.It should be noticed that such high levels of PAHs in the bottom sediments will result in potential ecological risk for the environment.