中国西南山区公路沿线乡村聚落景观格局演变

山区乡村聚落演化机制是聚落地理学研究的热点,为探究山区公路对乡村聚落变化的驱动机理,以贵州省麻江县为研究对象,基于1992,2012年乡村聚落数据,运用GIS技术和景观分析软件,对山区不同地貌的公路沿线乡村聚落景观格局变化进行研究。结果表明:(1)与整个研究区(行政单元)相比,公路影响范围内乡村聚落景观快速增加,景观趋于破碎化和形状复杂化。乡村聚落景观演变速度呈现岩溶槽谷区低山丘陵区中山峡谷区的特点。(2)距公路越近的缓冲区,景观格局变化更加剧烈。在3个公路距离缓冲区,乡村聚落景观演变速度都呈岩溶槽谷区低山丘陵区中山峡谷区的特点。(3)在0~1 500 m距离缓冲区,低坡度的乡村聚落景观格局变化速度明显快于中坡度与高坡度地区。低坡度的景观格局演变速度呈现出岩溶槽谷区低山丘陵区中山峡谷区的特点,而中坡度与高坡度的景观格局演变速度呈现出中山峡谷区低山丘陵区岩溶槽谷区的特点。这说明距公路远近和坡度的变化是影响山区公路影响范围内乡村聚落景观格局演变差异的重要因素。

Effects of Roads on Rural Settlement Landscape Pattern in Mountain Areas of Southwest China

In order to explore the effect of road on rural settlements in mountain areas, taking Majiang County in Guizhou Province as the example, this paper analyzed the landscape pattern changes of rural settlements along the mountain road in different landforms using the data in 1992 and 2012. Comparing with the entire study area, the landscape of rural settlements along the road increased rapidly, and landscape fragmentation was exacerbated and landscape shape became more complicated. The change rate of landscape pattern was karst ridge trough > low mountain and hilly >mid mountain gorge. Dramatic changes of landscape pattern occurred in the closer buffer. The change rate of landscape pattern in three road buffers was karst ridge trough >low mountain and hilly >mid moun-tain gorge. The change rate of landscape pattern in low slope level was greater than moderate slope and steep slope levels in 0~1 500 m buffer. The change rate in low slope level was karst ridge trough > low mountain and hilly >mid mountain gorge, while was mid mountain gorge >low-mountain and hilly >karst ridge trough in moderate and steep slope levels. The results suggested that the change of distances and slopes along the road are important factors resulting in different evolution characteristics of landscape pattern in mountain area.