论郦道元《水经注》的地名学贡献

北魏郦道元《水经注》记载了1.5万个地名,其中对1052处地名作了渊源解释,既涉及到自然地理部门的因山为名、因水为名等十项种类,也包含了人文地理部门的人物地名、史迹地名等十四项类别,不仅引录了前人的规律性认识,而且还进一步归纳了一系列关于地名命名、更名的精辟见解,有些论述已上升到地名学理论的高度,并且还在多处纠正了前人的错误,对于地名的音、形也有独到的看法.它的地名渊源解释在数量上首次超过一千,在种类上多于以往着作,在质量上也胜过前人,并且引述地名文献丰富,体现了中国传统地名学的特点.

ON TOPONYMICAL CONTRIBUTION OF SHUI-JING-ZHU

Shui-Jing-Zhu, an ancient book written by Li Daoyuan more than 1400 years ago, is a famous masterpiece. There are about 15 thousands place-names in this book. It not only cited some important opinions of toponomy, but also summed up a series of brilliant principles about place naming and place-name's change. Some principles were very close to modern toponymical theory. It explained the derivation of 1052 place-names, and this achievement surpassed one thousand for the first time in Chinese history. These explanations can be classified into:physiographical place-name and human geographical one. Physiographical place-name included 10 types, such as Yin Shui Wei Ming (naming according to river's name), Yin Shan Wei Ming (naming according to mountain's name), etc. Human geographical place-name included 14 types, such as Ren Wu Di Ming (naming after people), Shi Ji Di Ming (naming in the light of historical relics), etc. This book corrected some current wrong ideas about place-name. It had special and professional views about pictophonetic characters of place-name, too. Furthermore, this book quoted plentiful toponymical document, showed the feature of China's traditional toponomasiology and made this subject developed greatly. In a word, it is one of the most important works in the history of China's toponomasiology.