对地震学“反例”的几点思考

本文从科学哲学和科学史出发,探讨了地震学中与假说或理论相悖的“反例”现象,认为,在地震学“概念的延伸扩张”以及从假说上升到理论的过程中,“反例”的启发与检验,发挥了积极的能动作用;辩证考察“反例”给出“Ⅰ 类反例与 Ⅰ 类否定”、“Ⅱ类反例与Ⅱ类否定”概念,对纷繁复杂的地震学“反例”进行了原则分类;本文还就数学、科学方法对地震学“反例”的识别意义作了一定的讨论。

PONDERATION OF THE "CONTRARY EXAMPLE" IN SEISMOLOGY

From the point of science philosophy and science history, the "contrary example" phenomenon that goes against the available hypotheses and theory in Seismology is discussed. It is held that the enlightenment and inspection of "contrary example" play an active role in the process of "concept extension and expansion" arid hypotheses that are upgrading to the theory. Dialectically testing the "contrary example", concept of "contrary example pyte 1 and the negative type 1" and "contrary example type 2 and the negative type 2 " are presented, and the various "contrary examples" are generally classified. At the same time, a preliminary discussion is made on the significance in recognition of "contrary example" by the mathematic and scientific methods.