城市庭院小气候特征季节变化初探

通过对低纬城市－－昆明城市庭院内的草地、屋顶和道路的气象观测资料的比较分析，研究了庭院内不同下垫面的小气候变化规律和差异特征。昆明地区不同下垫面气象要素均具有与大气候相近的变化趋势，平均最高气温最大值出现在干季后期；气温日较差干季大，雨季小。相对湿度雨季大，变化小；干季小，变化大。风速以干季较大；雨季数值小，变化也小等年变化特征。比较不同下垫面的气象要素值得出，由于受下垫面和测点附近环境影响，与草地相比，屋顶和道路的最高气温高，最低气温低，气温日较差较大，相对湿度低，风速大，其差异表现为干季大、雨季小。

A Preliminary Study on Seasonal Variation of Microclimatic Characteristic of City Courtyard

By comparing and analyzing meteorological observation data of grassland, roof and road in Kunming, a low latitude city, the variations laws and difference characteristics of microclimate on the different underlying surfaces of city were discussed. The results indicated that the variation tendency of meteorological elements on different underlying surfaces were similar to that of macroclimate and maximum value of mean maximum air temperature appeared in later stage of dry season, daily range of air temperature was greater in dry season and less in rain season, the value of relative humidity was greater in rain season and less in dry season, but variation of relative humidity was greater in rain season and less in dry season. The variation value of wind speed were greater in dry season and less in rain season. By comparing meteorological elements of different underlying surfaces, we could draw the conclusion about variation characteristics of yearly, that is, in contrast with grassland, maximum air temperature of roof and road was higher and minimum air temperature was lower, variation of air temperature was greater, relative humidity was lower and wind speed was greater. The difference is greater in dry season and less in rain season.