基于RS、GIS两大沙漠边缘带土地利用/覆盖对近十余年来气候变化的响应研究

以1986年与2000年两期TM遥感解译影像为基础，运用GIS空间分析手段，借助多个土地利用分析模型，对我国北方腾格里与毛乌素两大沙漠边缘带土地利用空间变化特点进行了分析，揭示出上世纪80年代后期至本世纪初的十余年来两大沙漠南缘带土地利用／覆盖对气候变化所做出的各具特色的响应方式。研究期内，研究区土地利用程度总体得到提高，其中东部毛乌素地区提高速度高于西部，中部宁夏部分高于两头陕西、甘肃部分。土地利用重心分布揭示出半干旱、干旱沙漠边缘带耕地与水资源分布的密切关系，同时，土地利用重心变化分析揭示山西部腾格里地区研究期内生态环境区域恶化，而东部毛乌素地区生态环境质量趋于好转。

RS/GIS-based Study on the Response of Land Use/Land Cover to Climate Change in the Marginal Zones of the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Desert since Recent 10 Odd Years

The climate in north China has changed in a warming-drying trend since the 1970s. The impacts of such climate change to the regions there the ecological environment is vulnerable are significant. Land desertification and grasslands degeneration have become as the main trends of environment evolution in the eastern part of the farming-pasturing ecotone in north China, and the study area located in the interlaced zone of climate, landforms, vegetation and landscapes is strongly disturbed by such climate change. The study area is located in the foreland of the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Desert, it is a key zone of land desertification control, and the study on the environment evolution is practical and urgent. Based on TM images in two periods of 1986 and 2000, in this paper the spatial change of land use in the marginal zone the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Desert in north China is analyzed by using spatial analysis means of GIS and some analytical models of land use, and the response of land use/cover in the marginal zone the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Desert to climate change since recent 10 odd years is revealed. The results show that the land use level in the study area was generally increased during the period from the late-1980s to 2000 under the conditions that the climate in north China trends to warming and drying. In which the land use level in the Mu Us Desert in east China was higher than that in the Tengger Desert in west China, and it was higher in some regions ofNingxia Hui Autonomous Region than that in some regions of Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. After analyzing the distribution of gravity center of land use in the arid and semiarid marginal zones of the deserts, it is revealed that the distribution of farmlands is closely related to that of water resources, and the ecological environment in the Tengger Desert is degenerated but that in the Mu Us Desert is improved.