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From open access to co-governance and conservation: The case of women shellfish collectors in Galicia (Spain)
Authors:Katia Frangoudes  Begoña Marugán-Pintos  José J Pascual-Fernández
Institution:1. Center of Economy and Law of the Sea, University of Western Brittany, 12 rue Kergoat, C.S. 93 837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France;2. Departamento de Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, Campus de Getafe, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/ Madrid 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain;3. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, España, Spain
Abstract:Improving governability is an important objective in many fisheries and coastal areas. However, it may be difficult to modify the factors influencing this. Specifically, enhancing the capacity of user groups and civil society to cope with the tasks involved in co-governance situations may constitute a challenge, although the advantages in factors such as legitimacy and adaptability to local situations may reward the efforts. This paper attempts to analyze the process of transformation of on-foot shellfish gathering in Galicia, an activity that has traditionally been developed mainly by women in a regime similar to an open access regime. However, in recent decades this situation has changed, and nowadays many areas where this activity flourishes are in a situation of active co-governance, with a type of license system. Shellfisher organizations plan and control the exploitation with the support of the government, even using seeding techniques to regenerate areas that were previously degraded. Over the last decade, they have avoided overexploitation and have managed the marketing of the shellfish much better than ever before. We emphasize in the article that the role of the administration in this process has been decisive, investing in training and improving the organizations and the social dimension of the activity through different strategies. The empowerment of women has been an essential element in this process, which has also enhanced social valuation of the activity. This case may exemplify the possibilities open for progress in potential co-governing situations.
Keywords:Governance and governability  Fisheries and coastal co-management  Civil society  Women empowerment  User participation
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