深海溶解态锰和铁的原位分析技术研究进展

溶解态的锰和铁是海洋中重要的生物营养元素,也是探查海底热液活动及其演化的重要示踪剂.由于海底热液活动研究的迫切需求,以及AUV,ROV和HOV等水下运载支撑平台的迅速发展,20世纪80年代以来深海溶解态锰铁原位分析技术得到了快速发展.早期研发的Scanner和SUAVE,可对热液羽流中高含量的锰铁元素实现联合测定,但存在元素之间相互干扰等问题,因此针对锰、铁元素单独测量的原位分析仪应运而生.锰原位分析仪中,ZAPS虽然具有较低的检测限,但是无法在深海高压环境下进行原位校正；GAMOS系列具有原位校正功能,且能耗较低,可长期运行,但是检测限偏高,因此只能应用于热液环境中含量相对高的锰监测.铁原位分析仪中,改进的ALCHIMIST可实现热液喷口异常高含量铁和正常海域水体中低含量铁的检测,但由于能耗较高而难以应用于长期观测中；低能耗的Fe-Osmo-Analyzer和CHEMINI则在长期运行方面有着明显的优势.随着AUV/ROV/HOV等水下移动平台应用的日渐广泛以及海底观测网技术的迅速发展,发展原位分析仪进行长期的自主观测将成为一种必然趋势.

Development of In-situ Analyzing Technologies of Dissolved Manganese and Iron in Deep-Sea Seawater

Dissolved manganese and iron are important elements as biological nutrients in marine and major tracers of probing hydrothermal activities and their evolution. Due to the urgent needs of the study of seafloor hydrothermal activities and the rapid development of supporting platform of underwater vehicles, such as AUV, ROV and HOV, the in-situ analyzing technologies of dissolved manganese and iron in deep seawater have been rapidly developed since the 1980s. The early development of Scanner and SUAVE can detect the high contents of manganese and iron in hydrothermal plumes simultaneously，but the problems of mutual inference between elements exist. Therefore, in situ analyzers for separate measurements of manganese and iron came into being. For the in situ manganese analyzers, ZAPS had a lower limit of detection, but it cannot be calibrated in situ because of the high pressure environment in deep sea; GAMOS series had the merits of in-situ calibration function, lower power consumption and long-time running, but relatively high detection limit caused them only applicable for detecting comparatively abundant manganese in hydrothermal environment. For the in situ iron analyzers, the modified ALCHIMIST can realize the detection of abnormally high content of iron around hydrothermal vents and low content of iron in normal seawater, but it can not be applied in the long-term observation yet because of the problem of high power consumption. However,the Fe-Osmo-Analyzer and CHEMINI with lower power consumption had a significant advantage in the matter of long-time running. With the widespread use of AUV/ROV/HOV and other underwater platforms and the rapid progress of seafloor observatory, the development of in situ analyzer for long-time observation will become an inevitable trend.