关于固体地球系统与地质作用的三点认识

文中讨论了作为极复杂巨系统的固体地球内部运动规律的 3条推论 :(1)地球系统在偏离平衡态时 ,有选择能量耗散最小方式的“惯性” ,在系统内禀熵急增时或者回到一种准稳定的定态 ,或者通过自组织迅速减少内禀熵增加率。换言之 ,地球系统可能有种尽量保存自身内能不受大量耗散的惯性 ,使其总体内禀熵产生率对时空的积分取极小值。我们把这一认识称为总体熵产生率取极小准则 ,对于孤立与渐变的地质过程 ,它等同于热力学第二定律与普里高津最小熵产生原理 ,对于极复杂地球巨系统及远离平衡态情况加了“总体”两字 ,意思是在局部或短期突变时熵产生率可能是大的 ,但它对全球与长时间的积分而言仍然取极小。换句话说 ,作为一个巨系统 ,固体地球在其局部远离平衡状态时 ,仍然能保持总体上内能消耗取极小的惯性 ,维持对全部固体地球时空系统总体熵产生率取极小准则。 (2 )关于地质作用过程演化的定态遍历准则。地球系统的复杂性不仅表现在其非线性 ,即同时存在着多种可能的定态作为其演化的趋势 ,而且表现在其时空发展过程中将经历尽可能多的定态。非线性非平衡态动力学的一般规律符合大多数包含激变事件的地质作用过程。将来在地球系统偏离平衡态足够远时 ,它可能会具有无穷多个耗散结构 ,因而使系统进入完全?

THREE VIEWPOINTS ON THE SOLID EARTH SYSTEM AND GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Three inferences for inner-motion of the solid Earth system that is treated as one of super-complex systems are discussed. (1) Minimization of general production of the Earth entropy in global and possible timing scale. Whenever the Earth system goes off from equilibrium state, it would by “inertia” try to select the way of minimizing its energy dissipation. In other words, it will go back to a metastable state whenever its inner entropy rapidly increasing, or quickly decreases its entropy production via some self-organization processes. The “inertia” that the Earth tries to keep its inner energy from dissipation means in general minimizing the integral of entropy production rate with respect to time and inner space. For an isolate and smooth geological process, this inference equals to minimum-entropy production principle proposed by I. Progogine. From a general point of view, when regional or short-term excitation of geological processes occurs, the Earth system, as a super and over-complicated system, can still keep the general production of its inner entropy in a possible minimum mode, here “general” means over global space and long time period. (2) Ergodicity of bifurcation shifts for evolution of a geological process. On one hand, the complexity of the Earth system shows the nonlinearity in its evolution, i.e., multi-shifts of bifurcation exist simultaneously, each of them have non-zero possibility in evolution. On the other hand, a geological process tries to undergo all possible shifts of the bifurcation during its long-term development. When the Earth goes sufficiently far away from the equilibrium state billion and billion years later, it would contain infinite dissipation structures, and enter a completely stochastic and disorder state: the chaotic state. (3) Mutual-driving between correlated subsystems for crossing a bifurcation node to approach a self-organization state with dissipative structures. The Earth, as a super-system with extremely complicated and multiple levels, contains many subsystems with different dynamic regimes. These subsystems are connected and opened to each other, mutual feedback and mutual driving can occur between the different dynamic processes. It is the difference between the solid Earth system and other small-scale and simple systems. The mutual-driving may play an important role in putting a subsystem to striding across a bifurcation node to excite catastrophe and new geological processes, resulting in self-organization and new dissipation structures. A primary model for entropy variation of the solid Earth system is presented, coinciding with the three inferences mentioned above.