塔里木东风低空急流与南疆降水

中亚低涡是中亚干旱气候和独特地理结构背景下形成的具有区域特色的切断低涡系统，是影响中亚天气气候的重要天气系统。从20世纪60年代开始我国气象学者就关注并对其天气学特征进行了初步研究，直到2000年以后随着观测资料不断丰富和气象学理论发展，学者对中亚低涡定义、分类、活动特点、形成机制及其对新疆强降雨的影响进行了深入研究。本文梳理和总结了近20 a中亚低涡系统活动特征及其对新疆降雨影响研究，以及中亚低涡背景下典型暴雨天气环流配置和水汽特征、与暴雨和短时强降水相关的中尺度系统、暴雨多尺度天气系统协同作用等方面的进展，并提出需要进一步深入研究的科学问题。

The Unprecedented Freezing Disaster in January 2008 in Southern China and Its Possible Association with the Global Warming

The Central Asian vortex is a cut-off vortex system with regional characteristics formed under the background of arid climate and unique geographical structure in Central Asia. It has an important impact on the weather and climate in Xinjiang, and even the weather and climate in the Middle East of China. Since 1960s, Chinese meteorologists have conducted preliminary research on its synoptic characteristics. Until 2000, with the continuous enrichment of observation data and the development of meteorological theory, Chinese meteorologists have conducted in-depth research on its definition, classification, activity characteristics, formation mechanism and its impacts on heavy precipitation in Xinjiang. This study reviews and summarizes the research on the Central Asian vortex system and its influence mechanism on precipitation in Xinjiang in recent 20 years. This study also reviews the synoptic condition and water vapor characteristics of typical rainstorm weather, the mesoscale system related to rainstorm and short-term heavy rainfall, and the synergy of rainstorm multi-scale weather system under the background of the Central Asian vortex, and puts forward the scientific problems that need to be further studied in the end.