新石器时代晚期凉山地区粟黍农业初探——来自河东田、河头地遗址先民骨骼生物磷灰石的稳定同位素证据

中国西南地区是新石器时代粟黍向外传播、发展的重要交流通道，然而该区域粟黍南传的具体过程和路线尚不明确。鉴于此，本研究对四川凉山地区河东田遗址（26°10'7.78″N，102°6'51.83″E）和河头地遗址（26°10'25.20″N，102°6'54.84″E）先民骨骼生物磷灰石进行了碳、氧稳定同位素分析，以探讨凉山地区先民的生存策略以及粟黍在该地区的传播。河东田遗址和河头地遗址共获取了6例人骨生物磷灰石的有效数据，其δ¹³C均值分别为-5.5‰±1.8‰（n=4），-5.5‰（n=2，-6.9‰和-4.0‰），结果显示该区域人群的饮食呈现为兼具C₃和C₄类食物的混合食物结构，且粟黍等C₄类食物在本地区先民的食物结构中具有重要的贡献；河东田遗址和河头地遗址先民的δ¹⁸O均值分别为-12.3‰±0.4‰（n=4），-12.0‰（n=2，-12.0‰和-11.9‰），显示两处遗址先民摄入的水分来源相对一致，当时的先民可能是在本地生活，围绕城河定居。在此基础上，结合中国西南地区同时期稳定同位素数据和其他考古研究发现新石器时代晚期凉山地区的粟作农业应当是当地自然环境和考古学文化互动双重影响的结果，粟黍可能传播至凉山地区后继续南传至云南乃至东南亚地区。

A preliminary investigation of late Neolithic millet agriculture in the Liangshan region: Stable isotopic evidence from bioapatite of human skeletons at the Hedongtian site and the Hetoudi site,Sichuan Province

Southwest China was a crucial exchange route for the growth and spread of millet in the Neolithic, but the specific process and path of millet's southward spread in this region are still unclear. In order to better understand the human subsistence strategies and the spread of millet in the Liangshan region, this paper conducted carbon and oxygen stable isotope analyses of bone bioapatite from the humans living at the Hedongtian site(26°10'7.78″N, 102°6'51.83″E) and the Hetoudi site(26°10'25.20″N, 102°6'54.84″E), Sichuan Province. The mean δ13C values were -5.5 ‰ ±1.8 ‰ (n=4) and -5.5 ‰ (n=2, -6.9 ‰ and -4.0 ‰), respectively. The results indicated that the human diet in this region was mixed with both C3 and C4 foods, and C4 foods like millet were significant in the human diet. The mean δ18O values of the humans at the Hedongtian and Hetoudi sites were -12.3 ‰ ±0.4 ‰ (n=4) and -12.0 ‰ (n=2, -12.0 ‰ and -11.9 ‰), respectively, indicating that the sources of water intake of the humans at the two sites were relatively consistent, and the humans at that time likely resided locally and settled around the Chenghe River. On this basis, combining stable isotope data from the same period in Southwest China and other archaeological studies, it is found that the late Neolithic millet farming in the Liangshan region should be the result of the dual influence of local natural environment and archaeological-cultural interaction, and millet may have spread to the Liangshan region and then continued southward to Yunnan Province and even Southeast Asia.