全新世大暖期蒙古高原东部先民定居化现象及其成因的探讨

考古证据揭示在8500~7000 cal.a B.P.左右的全新世大暖期，蒙古高原东部的呼伦贝尔、西辽河上游、阴山东北麓地区曾一度出现过定居化的生活迹象。各地区依托适应于本土环境的经济基础，发展出定居化程度有所差别的社会生活模式。本研究综合分析3个地区代表性遗址的聚落、房址形态、陶器、石器工具组合、动、植物遗存，对其所展现的定居模式、定居程度和定居经济基础进行分析与对比，研究表明呼伦比尔地区定居化生活的经济基础侧重于对多重生态区域内的中小型动物资源的利用，其中水生资源占有较大比重；而西辽河上游和阴山东北麓则采取狩猎采集与原始农业相结合的生业经济，动植物资源利用并重。西辽河上游和阴山东北麓发展出有一定社群规模的村落式定居社会，其中西辽河流域先民的定居化程度高于阴山东北麓和呼伦贝尔地区。全新世大暖期的气候变化，改善了高原地区的水热条件，增强了草原地带的生态多样性，为先民集约化利用栖居地周围的多种动植物资源并在气候条件许可的地带发展农业生产提供了有利契机，对多样性资源的集约利用，奠定了定居化生活的经济基础。但定居化的发展趋势伴随着大暖期的结束而终止，体现出草原地带的史前先民在环境变迁背景下灵活弹性的适应策略。

An investigation on the patterns and causes of sedentism in eastern Mongolian Plateau during the Holocene Climatic Optimum

While the steppe zone of Mongolian Plateau has long been conceived as homeland for mobile hunter-gatherers and nomadic groups, archaeological evidence reveals the emergence of sedentary lifeways in the steppe of the eastern Mongolian Plateau around 8500~7000 cal.a B. P., coinciding with the Holocene Climatic Optimum. This phenomenon occurred in regions such as Hulunbuir, West Liao River valley, and northeast Yinshan Mountainous region. These regions are all situated on the periphery of the Summer Monsoon affected zone and experience a semi-arid climate with precipitation ranging from 300 mm to 400 mm. The current dominant vegetation communities primarily consist of steppe plants. However, these regions exhibit variations in micro-environmental characteristics and paleoclimate conditions in these regions differed to some extent from the present-day conditions. In this study, we examine the patterns and degrees of sedentism and the economic basis of sedentism in four sites from these three regions: the Hag site in Hulunbuir, the Baiyinchanghan site in the West Liao River valley, and the Yumin and Simagou sites in the northeast Yinshan Mountainous region. We analyze the house structure, settlement pattern, and pottery features of these sites to examine the patterns and degrees of sedentism. We investigate the data of lithic assemblages associated with subsistence practices and fauna and flora data correlated with food resources of these sites to learn the economic basis of sedentism in these regions in eastern Mongolian Plateau. The paleoclimatic conditions are reconstructed using environmental proxies such as pollen, paleolake sediments, and paleosols, which are then combined with archaeological evidence to explore the reasons for the emergence of sedentism.