黑河流域2004-2010年水足迹和水资源承载力动态特征分析

 中国是水资源短缺国家,水资源时空分布不均,水资源已成为制约中国社会经济可持续发展的重要因素。利用生态足迹法构建了黑河流域农业用水、工业用水、城镇公共用水、生活用水和生态环境用水5个二级水资源账户,并利用水资源负载指数,研究了黑河流域2004—2010年水资源承载力、水足迹和水资源负载动态特征。结果表明,黑河流域水资源承载力从2004年的16.36 hm2增加至2010年的24.40 hm2;总水资源生态足迹从2004年的571.81 hm2减少至2010年的486.73 hm2;而水资源生态赤字从2004年的555.45 hm2下降至2010年的462.33 hm2;黑河流域水资源负载指数高,水资源开发潜力很小;黑河流域水资源承载力增加与降水量有密切关系。

Dynamic Characteristics of Water Footprint and Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Heihe River Basin during 2004-2010

China is facing serious water resources problems such as shortage in volume and uneven distribution in space and time. In the typical Heihe River basin in northwest China, water resources problems are restricting its social and economic development. With the Ecological Footprint Model we constructed five water resources accounts, they are agriculture water, urban public water, industrial water, domestic water, and eco-environmental water; and calculated and analyzed the water resources carrying capacity, water footprint and load situation of water resources in the Heihe River basin during 2004-2010. Results showed that the water resources carrying capacity gradually increased from 16.36 hm2 to 24.40 hm2; agriculture water footprint decreased from 541.48 hm2 to 443.65 hm2, industrial water footprint increased from 19.11 hm2 to 22.95 hm2, domestic water footprint increased from 10.85 hm2 to 14.93 hm2, urban public water footprint increased from 2.75 hm2 to 3.28 hm2 and eco-environmental water footprint increased from 0.37 hm2 to 5.19 hm2 during 2004-2010, and the total water resources ecological footprint gradually decreased from 571.81 hm2 to 486.73 hm2; water resources ecological deficit decreased from 555.45 hm2 to 462.33 hm2; and load index of water resources increased from 9.62 to 12.11 during 2004-2010. The load index of water resources is high and the exploitation potential is low in the Heihe River basin. The water resources carrying capacity is related with precipitation.