青藏高原上空气溶胶含量的分布特征及其与臭氧的关系

采用1991年10月—2005年11月的HALOE资料,分析了青藏高原(27°~40°N,75°~105°E)上空气溶胶数密度、体积密度、面积密度的分布和变化特征,探讨了它们与臭氧的关系,并且与同纬度带中国东部地区(107°~122°E,27°~40°N)、北太平洋(170°E~170°W,27°~40°N)上空进行了对比。结果表明:高原上空气溶胶的体积密度、面积密度受Pinatubo火山喷发的影响主要发生在1991—1995年,然而气溶胶数密度受火山影响则不如前二者明显;高原上空气溶胶在对流层顶附近存在一个极大值区,在夏季该极大值区位于对流层顶下方(约120 hPa),而其他季节则位于对流层顶上方(约100hPa);青藏高原、中国东部地区、北太平洋三地上空气溶胶数密度的差异主要出现在60 hPa以下的气层,夏季差异最突出,高原上120 hPa附近的气溶胶数密度约为平原上的1.8倍,约为海洋上的5.5倍;在高原上空对流层顶附近以及平流层低层,气溶胶数密度与臭氧体积混合比呈很好的负相关关系,而在20 hPa以上则有明显的正相关关系;对比三地上空气溶胶与臭氧的关系,得到在对流层顶附近及平流层低层气溶胶在高原和平原上空与臭氧的变化呈很好的负相关,其中以高原上空的负相关关系更好,但是在海洋上空气溶胶和臭氧的相关不明显。而在20 hPa以上气层中,三地上空的气溶胶与臭氧的变化都具有很好的正相关关系。

Aerosol Distribution over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Its Relationship with Ozone

Using the HALOE data(from October 1991 to November 2005),the distributions and variations of aerosol number density,volume density,surface area density over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) have been analyzed,and their relationships with ozone have been discussed,then the aerosol distribution and the relationship between aerosol and ozone over the QXP are compared with those over the eastern part of China and North Pacific.The followed conclusions are made: The influence of Pinatubo volcanic eruption on aerosol volume density,area density over the QXP appearedsignificantly in 1991 to 1995;however the effect on aerosol concentration was not as clear as the volume density and area density.Near the tropopause there is a higher value of aerosol concentration over the Plateau which locates beneath the tropopause(~120 hPa) in summer and above the tropopause(~100 hPa) in winter.The main differences in aerosol densities over QXP,the eastern part of China and North Pacific occur below 60 hPa.In summer the differences are the most notable: Aerosol concentration at 120 hPa over the QXP is 1.8 times as large as that over the Plain,and 5.5 times as large as that over the Ocean.Near the tropopause and in the low stratosphere,the aerosol concentration and ozone mixing ratio have a good negative correlation over the QXP,but they have a significant positive correlation above 20 hPa.Comparing the relationship between aerosol and ozone over the three regions,the results indicate: Near the tropopause and in the low stratosphere,aerosol concentration and ozone mixing ratio both have a good negative correlation over the QXP and over the Plain,but the correlation over the Ocean is not clear.Above 20 hPa aerosol concentration and ozone mixing ratio all appear a good positive correlation over the three regions.