A Model-Based Evaluation of Horizontal Wells for Improving the Functionality of an Urban Reservoir System

A method is proposed for utilizing the storage capacity of unconfined aquifers to increase the efficiency of existing water-supply reservoirs presently losing water to seasonal spillages. The approach proposed uses horizontal wells to control the watertable elevation in the reservoir catchments, permitting a degree of control over the discharge of the streams flowing to the reservoirs. This may provide an alternative to reservoir construction, thus avoiding loss of ecosystems or productive land. The use of horizontal wells provides a range of control options, including increasing stream discharge during summer and reducing and delaying peak discharge from rainfall events during winter. A numerical groundwater model is utilized to simulate the operation of hypothetical horizontal wells within a water supply catchment of Auckland City, New Zealand. Results suggest potential for a significant increase in summer stream flow, coupled with a reduction in winter peak discharges associated with present reservoir spillage.