生计资本对农户参与耕地保护意愿的影响——以成都市永安镇、金桥镇, 崇州市江源镇为例

耕地效益比较低下导致兼业农户数量增多, 生计资本发生转变. 农户作为耕地的直接使用者, 生计资本转变不仅带动农村社会经济的发展, 更影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿. 以最早实行耕地保护政策的四川省成都市永安镇、金桥镇和崇州市江源镇为例, 构建农户生计资本与耕地保护参与意愿的结构方程模型, 定量刻画生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护意愿的影响. 结果表明: 生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护的意愿具有显著影响, 其中, 自然资本对耕地保护意愿的正向影响最显著, 高于社会资本; 物质资本对耕地保护意愿的负向影响最显著, 高于金融资本和人力资本. 生计资本中自然资本和社会资本每增加一个单位, 农户耕地保护意愿将提高0.071和0.011个单位; 物质资本、金融资本和人力资本每增加一个单位, 农户耕地保护意愿对应减少1.231个单位、1.030个单位和0.232个单位. 所以, 生计资本差异会直接影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿. 政府应从不同生计资本农户的诉求出发, 寻找农户经济利益与参与耕地保护政策的切合点, 根据农户不同生计资本情况制定相应的补偿政策和扶持策略, 从根本上激发农户参与耕地保护的积极性, 确保耕地保护政策实施的持续性和有效性.

The influence of livelihood capital on intention of protecting cultivated land of farmers: A case study in the three towns in Chengdu area

Livelihood capital of residents in the Chengdu area is severely affected by farmland utilization ratio and multi-livelihood capitals. However, livelihood capital plays a crucial role in promoting rural economic development and raising farmer's intention of protecting cultivated land. In this paper, it is tried to disclose the latent relations between farmers' livelihood capital and their intention of cultivated land protection with Structure Equation Model (SEM) method. The results indicate that livelihood capital has remarkable influence on the intention of protecting cultivated land of farmers. Specifically, the natural capital and social capital have a positive impact on the intention, which will be increasing linearly by 0.071 units and 0.011 units, respectively, for one unit increase in natural capital and social capital. While, the physical capital, financial capital and human capital have a negative impact, e.g., a unit increase in physical capital, financial capital and human capital will decrease the farmers' intention of protecting cultivated land by 1.231 units, 1.030 units and 0.232 units, respectively. Indeed, the farmers' intention of cultivated land protection is affected by many invisible factors. However, livelihoods capital is one of the most important factors that determine the farmers' willingness for farmland protection. In order to improve the achievement of cultivated land protection policy, the government should further understand farmers' requirements with different livelihoods capitals. An insightful analysis of the internal links will help government to develop sustaining and efficient policy of cultivated land protection and to increase farmer's intention of protecting cultivated land.