中国区域投入产出效率的研究框架与实证分析

基于投入-产出研究框架,分别采用传统SBM模型、非期望产出SBM模型及两阶段网络DEA模型分析2000—2015年中国各省区市的资源生产率、生态效率及两阶段系统下的资源生产率和环境效率,以期全面刻画中国各省的投入产出效率,并提出相关政策建议。研究发现:①中国资源生产率总体呈东-中-东北-西逐渐下降的格局。②考虑环境约束后,不同省市生态效率排名变动情况不同,反映出环境污染对区域投入产出效率会产生不同程度的影响。③大部分省区市的资源生产率、环境效率非均衡特征明显,且区域间存在较大差异。东部除京津外普遍呈资源生产率较高而环境效率较低,东北地区资源生产率中等偏高、环境效率中等偏低,中部资源生产率中等偏低、环境效率显著偏低,西部资源生产率显著低于全国平均水平,而环境效率水平相对较好。

Research Framework and Empirical Study of Input-output Efficiency of Resources and Environment in China

How to improve the economic development benefits is a significant issue to global sustainable development. Under the background of resource and ecological constraints and economic transformation in China, it is important to scientificly and comprehensively evaluate the input and output efficiency of economic development. Based on the input-output research framework and according to the progressive research approach, this paper adopts traditional SBM model, undesirable-SBM model, and the two-stage network DEA model to analyze the resources productivity efficiency, eco-efficiency, and resource productivity efficiency and environmental efficiency of two-stage system, with a view to comprehensively depict the input-output efficiency of China, and then provides some advice and suggestions for further economic sustainable development. The major findings were summarized as follows. Firstly, China’s economic efficiency decreased from the east, to central to northwest and to north. Secondly, taking environmental pollution into consideration, the ranking changes of ecological efficiency in different provinces and cities are different, which reflects that environmental pollution has different effects on regional input-output efficiency. Thirdly, the economic efficiency and environmental efficiency of most provinces are obviously imbalance, and there are notable spatial differences. Provinces in eastern China show high economic efficiency and low environmental efficiency, except Beijing and Tianjin, whose economic efficiency and environmental efficiency made some balance. Provinces in northeast China have moderately high economic efficiency and moderately low environmental efficiency, with some environmental constraints. Provinces in central China have moderate to low economic efficiency and low environmental efficiency, with obvious environmental constraints. Economic efficiencies of provinces in western China are lower than the national average, while their environmental efficiencies performed much better.