人力资本促进区域旅游经济效率的空间差异研究

在DEA-MI模型的基础上,采用空间计量模型就人力资本与区域旅游经济效率的关系进行分析,探究人力资本对区域旅游经济效率的贡献。结果发现:旅游经济效率具有典型的"胡焕庸线"空间特征,旅游业及其子行业的区域旅游经济效率以1为标准线上下波动;人力资本与区域旅游经济效率空间关系也基本具备"胡焕庸线"空间特征。宁夏等西北地区区域经济效率较高,虽然人力资本存量不足,但其贡献率较大。福建等东南地区、四川和云南等沿线地区旅游业存在"人力资本错配"现象,东南地区虽然人力资本富集,但其贡献率较低,星级饭店业和旅行社业打破"胡焕庸线"的区域特征;中等人力资本在旅游业及其子行业中能正向促进区域旅游经济效率,高水平人力资本在旅游子行业中能推进经济效率的增长,但在旅游业整体中反而抑制旅游经济效率,这说明旅游业整体上还是一个典型的劳动密集型行业,而星级饭店和旅行社业已经初步具备知识密集型行业特征;区域地理性、对外开放度、基础设施等是人力资本效能发挥的主要影响因素,制约着区域旅游经济效率的提升。因此需要健全旅游人才匹配体系,最大程度地发挥人力资本效能,科学构建人力资本与区域旅游经济效率协同机制。

Spatial Difference of Human Capital Promoting Regional Tourism Economic Efficiency: Empirical Research Based on "Hu Line"

In this article, based on DEA-MI model, the relationship between human capital and regional tourism economic efficiency and the contribution of human capital to regional tourism economic efficiency are explored by using spatial econometric model. The research results show that the tourism economic efficiency has the typical spatial characteristics of “Hu Line”, and the regional tourism economic efficiency of tourism and its sub-sectors fluctuates up and down with 1 as the standard line; the spatial relationship of Human capital and the regional tourism economic efficiency also basically have the spatial characteristics of “Hu Line”. Meanwhile, the economic efficiency of northwest regions such as Ningxia is higher than other northwestern regions, although the stock of human capital in Ningxia is insufficient, the contribution rate of its human capital is larger than other northwestern regions. There is a phenomenon of “mismatch of human capital” in tourism along the southeast regions such as Fujian province, and along the lines of Sichuan province and Yunnan province and so on. The southeastern region is rich in human capital, yet its contribution rate is low than other provinces in the northwestern regions and along the “Hu Line” regions. In the meantime, star hotel industry and travel agency industry break the regional characteristics of “Hu Line”; Medium human capital can positively promote the regional tourism economic efficiency in tourism and its sub-sectors, while high-level human capital can promote the growth of economic efficiency in tourism sub-sectors. However, high-level human capital can inhibit the tourism economic efficiency as a whole, which shows that tourism as a whole is still a typical labor-intensive industry. And that also shows star-rated hotels and travel agencies have initially possessed the characteristics of knowledge-intensive industries; Regional geography, opening to the outside world and infrastructure and so on, are the main influencing factors of human capital efficiency, which restrict the promotion of regional tourism economic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the matching system of tourism talents, play maximum extent efficiency in human capital, and scientifically construct the synergy mechanism between human capital and regional tourism economic efficiency.