山岳型酒店能源强度与碳排放特征研究

以黄山西海饭店为山岳型景区案例酒店，采用能源消费账户法与碳足迹法对样本数据进行深入分析，系统地研究了案例酒店近5 a来的能耗与碳排放情况。结果表明，水电是案例酒店的主要能耗，其中，用电能耗在酒店总能耗中占比最高，平均为98%左右；用水占比最小，只有总能耗的1%左右。案例酒店能源消耗总量每年约500 t标准煤，年均碳排放量约为3 695.5 tCO₂，呈现逐年增加趋势。2014?2018年，水电能源消耗最大的部门不是客房部和餐饮部等酒店主营部门，而是园林绿化、公用等酒店辅助部门，用水量达到用水总量的39%~58%，用电量达到用电总量的59.41%~66.68%。酒店年平均能源强度约为0.06 t标准煤/万元，每晚游客人均能耗约0.001 t标准煤。案例酒店碳排放量为217.17~257.84 kgCO₂/m²，年均碳排放量为236.79 kgCO₂/m²。案例酒店年碳排放量与能耗强度呈正相关，且随着酒店能耗强度的上升，碳排放总量也随之增加。

Intensity of Energy Consumption and Characteristic of Carbon Emission for Mountain Hotel: A Case Study of Huangshan Xihai Hotel

Accommodation industry is the major energy-consuming sectors of the tourism industry. Carbon emission of accommodation industry has become an important part of the countermeasures to global climate change, and is increasingly getting attentions from all of the governments and the academia. In this article, Xihai Hotel is taken as a case hotel of mountainous hotel in Huangshan scenic area. Energy consumption and account method and carbon footprint method was used to circumstantially analyze sample data. And energy consumption and carbon emission of the case hotel were studied in recently 5 years. The results showed that water and electricity were major energy consumption in the case hotel, electricity energy consumption was the highest, and about mean 98%, among total energy consumption. However, water energy consumption was the lowest, and only about 1%, among total energy consumption. Total energy consumption was 500 t standard coal equivalent (tce), the annual total carbon emission was 3 695.46 t carbon dioxide, and it was an increase trends year by year. Energy consumption of hotel main department of guest room and catering room was not the highest. The energy consumption of hotel auxiliary department of landscape greening and public was the highest, among total energy consumption in the case hotel from 2014 to 2018. Water energy consumption of other department was about from 39% to 58%, and electricity energy consumption of other department was about from 59.41% to 66.68%, among total energy consumption. Mean energy intensity was about 0.06 tce consumption per ten thousand yuan (RMB) output value, energy consumption of hotel guests was 1 kgtce per capita per day. Carbon emission was from 217.17 to 257.84 kgCO₂/m², the annual average carbon emission was 236.79 kgCO₂/m² in the case hotel. It was positive correlation between carbon emission and total energy consumption intensity, and total carbon emission would be increased when energy intensity was increased in the case hotel. The research has provided a scientific basis for energy-saving and emission-reduction in accommodation industry of mountain scenic area in the future.