近10年来中国农村居民点用地时空特征

利用20世纪90年代中国1：10万土地利用动态变化数据，利用单元自动机和人工神经网络模型对中国农村居民点用地进行了区划。在此基础上，研究了90年代中国农村居民点用地动态变化时空格局。研究表明，农村居民点用地受区域位置、经济发展和国家政策的影响。90年代前5年，受沿海开放政策和经济高速发展的影响，长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和华北平原农村居民点用地扩展较快，中西部地区农村居民点用地扩展较慢；90年代后5年，在沿海地区经济发展速度放慢和国家实施耕地资源保护条例的情况下，沿海地区农村居民点用地扩张受到抑制，西部地区扩展加快。90年代中国经济体制处于由计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中，农村居民点用地的动态变化格局受到经济发展和土地利用政策的深刻影响。

The Temporal-spatial Characteristics of Rural Residential Land in China in the 1990s

According to statistics of the rural land vector datasets on the scale of 1:100000, rural residential land in China increased by 7.88×105 hm² in the 1990s. Rural residential land expanded more rapidly during the first five years, which took up 70.3% of that of the 1990s and slowly during the latter five years, being 29.7%. In order to compare the spatial pattern of rural expansion in the two periods, the rural residential land zoning is completed using CA (cellular automata) and ANN (artificial neural network). Rural land percentage, morphology, slope and neighborhood index are used to build the bottom-top zoning model. The paper studies the temporal-spatial characteristics of rural residential land in China. (1) During 1990-1995, rural residential land expanded dramatically in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and North China Plain. It increased most rapidly in the Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas, being 28.11% and 24.31% respectively or 72.34% of the total rural expansion in China during 1990-1995. (2) During 1996-2000 the rural expansion in eastern coastal area slowed down but speeded up in the western area. The rural expansion in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and North China Plain was 35.44%. The other coastal areas fell to 1.45%. (3) In central area the rural land expansion took up 4.47% of the country's total while it expanded a little rapidly during the first five years (6.64%) although it slowed down in the latter five years. Rural land expansion slowed down in the eastern part of North China in the 1990s. (4) Rural land expanded slowly in the first five years (14.5% of the country's total) while it increased in the latter five years in western area (increased to 56.26%). Rural land increased more rapidly in the Sichuan Basin. During the first five years, it was slower than the coastal area. With the economic development and the loose control on cropland of the western area, the rural land expanded more rapidly.