Analysis of the maximum discharge of karst springs |
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Authors: | Ognjen Bonacci |
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Institution: | (1) Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Split, Matice hrvatske str. 15, 21000 Split, Croatia, |
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Abstract: | Analyses are presented of the conditions that limit the discharge of some karst springs. The large number of springs studied
show that, under conditions of extremely intense precipitation, a maximum value exists for the discharge of the main springs
in a catchment, independent of catchment size and the amount of precipitation. Outflow modelling of karst-spring discharge
is not easily generalized and schematized due to numerous specific characteristics of karst-flow systems. A detailed examination
of the published data on four karst springs identified the possible reasons for the limitation on the maximum flow rate: (1)
limited size of the karst conduit; (2) pressure flow; (3) intercatchment overflow; (4) overflow from the main spring-flow
system to intermittent springs within the same catchment; (5) water storage in the zone above the karst aquifer or epikarstic
zone of the catchment; and (6) factors such as climate, soil and vegetation cover, and altitude and geology of the catchment
area. The phenomenon of limited maximum-discharge capacity of karst springs is not included in rainfall-runoff process modelling,
which is probably one of the main reasons for the present poor quality of karst hydrological modelling.
Electronic Publication |
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Keywords: | karst spring Croatia groundwater flow carbonate rocks conceptual model |
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