空间数据分析技术在公共卫生领域的应用

空间数据分析技术是分析具有空间属性的事物之间相互关系,对空间信息进行认知、解释、预测及调控等,而公共卫生研究领域集中在疾病时空规律的认识、成因分析以及干预和防御等领域。本文从公共卫生研究的方向出发,论述了空间数据分析技术在公共卫生领域的应用,以及现阶段空间数据分析软件的发展状况,并对空间数据分析技术在公共卫生领域的应用前景作了展望。

A Review on Application of Spatial Data Analysis Technology in Public Health

Spatial data analysis (SDA) technology mostly is concerned with data, which are not independent spatially and temporally, and the spatial correlation and spatia l association among the studied objects are of interest Spatial correlation mo stly refers to the relation among the objects themselves while the spatial assoc iation considers the neighborhood effects between the objects After the cor relation and association among objects with spatial attribution are analyzed wit h SDA technology, spatial pattern will be perceived and explained Then we can predict and coordinate the spatial processes further In public health study area, most data acquired have spatial and temporal attrib utions, so advanced technology are needed to analysis the pattern of diseases di stribution, this is a preliminary and important step to identify the risk factor s in environment to the diseases With the understanding of the patterns and risk factors, the prevention and intervening counter measures to the disease would b e easily acquired In this paper, the author gave a review on application of SD A technology in public health, including the pattern identification, hotspots de tection, environmental risk factors identification, and public health resourc e distribution as wellMoreover, the developments of the software which are use ful to public health spatial analysis were discussed also Though the progress of SDA technology applied into public health meets some encu mbrance, there are more advantages to public health with spatial analysis And with the fast developments of information technology and geographical informatio n system software’s maturation in applications in many fields, spatial data will be enriched and give potential requirement of SDA technology including public h ealth study.