Empty marine container logistics: facts,issues and management strategies |
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Authors: | Sotirios Theofanis Maria Boile |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA |
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Abstract: | With the global container population exceeding 25 million TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) and the annual production of new
boxes exceeding 3 million TEU it is estimated that around 1.5 million TEU of empty containers are sitting in yards and depots
around the world waiting for use. Although utilization rates have improved since 2004, container utilization depends on the
very dynamic nature of container transportation, and the container building and leasing industries. Owing primarily to the
chronic trend of increasing trade imbalances across the oceans, and despite recent trends along some trade routes, the empty
container management problem has become a major issue for the container shipping industry during the last decade. This paper
examines and analyzes empty container logistics at a global, interregional, regional and local level. Special consideration
is given to key factors affecting the empty container logistics management and strategies implemented by ocean carriers and
other stakeholders to better manage empty containers.
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Keywords: | Empty container logistics Trade imbalances Repositioning Container lessors Ocean carriers |
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