湖南泥盆纪四射珊瑚化石组合带及中、上泥盆统界线划分

一、前言湖南泥盆系除下统、中统跳马涧组未见珊瑚化石外,自中统棋子桥组至上统锡矿山组均有产出。其中棋子桥组和余田桥组尤为发育,其丰富、完美程度为华南地区所罕见。是研究南方泥盆纪珊瑚化石及其地层的理想地区之一。湖南晚泥盆世地层素有“湖南统”之称。

A DISCUSSION OF THE DEVONIAN TETRACORAL FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE ZONES AND THE DETERMINATION OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE MIDDLE AND UPPER DEVONIAN

In Hunan coral fossils occur in the Cretaceous strata except the Lower Oretaceous and the Tiaomajian Formation of the Middle Cretaceous,i. e. in the strata from the Qiziqiao Formation of the Middle Cretaceous to the Xikuangshan Formation of the Upper Cretaceous. They are particularly well developed in the Qiziqiao and Shetianqiao formations. From below upwards seven tetracoral assemblage zones may be tentatively established,i. e. 1. the Endophyllum-Stringophyllum assemblage zone （the Qiziqiao age）; 2. the Grypophyllum machenziense assemblage zone,3. the Alaiophyllum xiangxi angense assemblage zone,4. the Sinodisphyllum varabile assemblage zone,5. the Hexagonaria schucherti-Disphyllum caespitosun assemblage zone,6. the Phillipsastraea-Mictophyllum gigantum assemblage zone （the Shetianqiaoage）; 7. the Vesicamplexus daoxianense assemblage zone （the Xikuangshan age）. The sequence of the above-mentioned tetracoral assemblage zones reflects the vertical evolutionary trend of the Devonian tetracoral fossils of Hunan,and their lateral distribution is controlled by sedimentary environinents. In areas of carbonate rocks in Hunan,the determination of the boundary between the Middle and Upper Cretaceous is a long-standing controversial problem. According to the sequence of evolution of the tetracoral fossils,the author considers that it is advisable to draw the Middle and Upper Cretaceous boundary between the Endophyllum-Stringophyllum assemblage zone and the Grypophyllum machenziense assemblage zone. The Ma’anshan Formation represents pure carbonate sediments deposited in the early part of the Late Devonian in Hunan,and may be correlated with the Shetianqiao Formation. The Upper Limestone of the original Qiziqiao Formation in the Qiziqiao area of Xiangxiang county contain the Crypophyllum machenziense and Alaiophyllum xiangxiangense assemblage zones,so should represent the sediments deposited in the initial Shetianqiao time; and the author names it the Lower Limestone Member.