基于空间视角的水资源经济环境效率评价

基于2008~2012年中国水资源-经济-环境（WEE）系统的省际面板数据,运用考虑非期望产出的数据包络分析（DEA）方法测算WEE系统的整体技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率和规模收益情况;构建基于万有引力定律的空间权重矩阵,着重分析整体技术效率的空间分异规律。探讨3种WEE效率之间的空间相关性;并运用空间误差模型（SEM）分别对这些效率间的空间效应进行分析。结果表明：① 提升WEE整体技术效率的瓶颈在于纯技术效率;② 区域间的3种WEE效率都存在显著的空间误差相关;③ 技术创新性、外资依存度、产业结构、产权结构通过纯技术效率和规模效率,以不同的作用形式对WEE整体技术效率产生正向影响;④ 水资源禀赋和政府重视度对WEE整体技术效率产生负向影响。

Efficiency Eevaluation of Water Resource-economic-environment System Based on Spatial Perspective

In recent years, the environmental efficiency of economic development and the utilization efficiency of water resource have become important research issues worldwide. However, the study about Water Resource-Economy-Environment (WEE) system is very rare. In additional, the spatial correlation between regions is usually ignored in traditional study. In this article, we thus introduce the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and spatial econometrics method to analyze the efficiency evaluation problem of WEE system in China. Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2012, the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and return to scale of WEE system are gained by slack based measure (SBM) model, which is one of traditional DEA models. And some conclusions are summarized as follows. First, all kinds of efficiencies are increasing year by year, but the growth rate are small. Second, the key to prove technical efficiency of WEE system lies in pure technical efficiency. Third, the technology efficiency of WEE system is gradually reduced from eastern China to western China, and it is caused by that the population quality, economic strength, technical level, and investment power are different between these areas. For analyzing the spatial differentiation of efficiency distribution, the Moran index of technology efficiency is calculated, and the result shows that there has significant spatial correlation in the efficiency distribution. In order to further analysis this spatial differentiation, LISA space aggregation graph is drawn. We then use the Lagrange multiplier (LM) test and robust LM test to analyze the provincial panel data of Chinese WEE system based on the spatial weight matrix determined by the law of universal gravitation. The results of text show that three kinds of efficiency values are verified by the spatial error model (SEM) at 5% significant level. We thus use SEM to analyze the space effect of technology efficiency of Chinese WEE system. The results show that the technical creativity, the industrial structure and the property right structure have positive correlations with WEE system technical efficiency by different acting forms on pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, while the water resource endowment have negative correlation. There are some phenomena that inconsistent with our assumptions. First, the government attention has negative correlation with WEE system technical efficiency, and some reasons are summarized. Second, the utilization of foreign investment has positive correlation with the technical efficiency of WEE system, but this correlation is not obvious.