Property relations and the co-management of small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica: Lessons from Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing in the Gulf of Nicoya |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth and Environment, ACH-5, #360, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199 USA;2. Department of Earth and Environment, ACH-5, #381, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199 USA;1. Quantitative Marine Science Program, CSIRO/Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;2. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade – Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA CEP: 45662-900, Brazil;2. Analista Ambiental – Resex Cassurubá – ICMBio/MMA – R. Getúlio Vargas, s/n. Ponta de Areia, Caravelas, BA 45900-000, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil;4. Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Jorge Amado, km 16 DCAA – UESC. Salobrinho, Ilheus, BA 45660-900, Brazil;1. Research Institute of Marine Policies and Laws at Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, People''s Republic of China;2. Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;3. Huntington Consulting, 23834 The Clearing Drive, Eagle River, AK 99577, USA;1. Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico norte tablaje catastral 13941 Carretera Mérida - Progreso, C.P. 97300 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;2. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Av., Centenario km 5.5, CP 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico;3. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S. C., Carretera a San Juan de La Costa \"EL COMITAN\" Km. 1, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S.;1. University of Connecticut-Avery Point, Agricultural and Resource Economics/CT Sea Grant, Room 380, Marine Science Building, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340-6048, USA;2. Marine Management Solutions, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA;3. Tetra Tech, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA;4. Tetra Tech, Bangkok, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Marine fisheries in Costa Rica have become characterized by overexploitation, ineffective centralized management and increased conflict among fishing sectors. Despite high economic and socio-cultural importance of small-scale fisheries, no formal mechanisms existed until recently to facilitate the participation of fishers in management. Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing (Áreas Marinas para la Pesca Responsable, AMPR) were legally recognized in 2009 as a co-management approach, enabling the designation of spatial management areas to be implemented collaboratively by artisanal fishers and government agencies. In this paper, we examine property and access relations shaping this emerging participatory management model using case studies primarily from the Gulf of Nicoya region. The policy demonstrably improves upon some aspects of management, for instance, by allowing artisanal fishers to determine gear restrictions within designated areas. However, the model lacks other attributes of more successful co-management scenarios, particularly exclusive access. The fugitive nature of resources further complicates property relations over these fisheries. The cases explored also illustrate broader institutional and systemic issues that preclude effective participatory management. Lessons from the region are used to propose significant shifts to the management of small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica. |
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| Keywords: | Small-scale fisheries Participatory management Co-management Property rights Property relations Costa Rica |
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