Intercomparison of 3D pore-scale flow and solute transport simulation methods |
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| Institution: | 1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352, United States;2. School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 397 Panama Mall, Mitchell Building 101, Stanford, CA 94305-2210, United States;3. Institute for Computational Modelling in Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstr. 3, Braunschweig 38106, Germany;4. Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States;5. The Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, 182 George St., Providence, RI 02906, United States;6. Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C0300, Austin, TX 78712-1585, United States;8. Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China;1. Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Science, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan (ROC);2. Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, US;1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States\n;2. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States\n;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;2. School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Multiple numerical approaches have been developed to simulate porous media fluid flow and solute transport at the pore scale. These include 1) methods that explicitly model the three-dimensional geometry of pore spaces and 2) methods that conceptualize the pore space as a topologically consistent set of stylized pore bodies and pore throats. In previous work we validated a model of the first type, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes employing a standard finite volume method (FVM), against magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) measurements of pore-scale velocities. Here we expand that validation to include additional models of the first type based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as well as a model of the second type, a pore-network model (PNM). The PNM approach used in the current study was recently improved and demonstrated to accurately simulate solute transport in a two-dimensional experiment. While the PNM approach is computationally much less demanding than direct numerical simulation methods, the effect of conceptualizing complex three-dimensional pore geometries on solute transport in the manner of PNMs has not been fully determined. We apply all four approaches (FVM-based CFD, LBM, SPH and PNM) to simulate pore-scale velocity distributions and (for capable codes) nonreactive solute transport, and intercompare the model results. Comparisons are drawn both in terms of macroscopic variables (e.g., permeability, solute breakthrough curves) and microscopic variables (e.g., local velocities and concentrations). Generally good agreement was achieved among the various approaches, but some differences were observed depending on the model context. The intercomparison work was challenging because of variable capabilities of the codes, and inspired some code enhancements to allow consistent comparison of flow and transport simulations across the full suite of methods. This study provides support for confidence in a variety of pore-scale modeling methods and motivates further development and application of pore-scale simulation methods. |
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