Organizational responsiveness: The case of unfolding crises and problem detection within HELCOM |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia.;2. Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, PO Box 97, Cowes, Phillip Island 3991, Australia.;1. CoastalVision, LLC, 215 Eustis Avenue, Newport, RI 02840, USA;2. SeaPlan, 89 South Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA;3. The Nature Conservancy, Eastern North America Division, USA;4. University of New Hampshire, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, Jere A. Chase Ocean Engineering Lab, 24 Colovos Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA;5. Maine Coastal Program, 93 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333, USA;1. Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;2. Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Griffin Building Room 321B, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;3. The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA |
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| Abstract: | How and to what extent do international organizations detect, process and react to different types of change within their policy domains? This study addresses this question by combining a unique data set consisting of policy documents from the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) with data measuring ecosystem change in the Baltic Sea during the period 1980–2013. Here HELCOM's responses to two types of ecosystem changes are investigated: fast and visible (summer algae blooms) and slow and opaque (anoxic areas). Finally, this study assesses if the organizational reform of 2007, which introduced the ecosystem approach, has had any effects on HELCOM responsiveness. It is found that HELCOM, contrary to expectations, is only responding systematically to slow-moving and opaque processes but that this response confirms the anticipated organizational bottom-up pattern. The ecosystem approach reform seems to have had a negative effect on the responsiveness of HELCOM; however, a general trend is that HELCOM over time has become more responsive in the lower levels of the organization. The lack of an immediate effect regarding the ecosystem approach reform can serve as a reminder of the absence of panaceas in policy making in general, and in environmental governance in particular. |
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| Keywords: | Organizational response Helsinki Commission Baltic Sea Eutrophication |
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