Coal rank variation in the Intrasudetic Basin,SW Poland |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland;2. Organic Geochemistry Unit, Department of Geology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.;1. MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany;2. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 0ET Cambridge, UK;3. Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;4. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Jennerstraat 13, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;5. GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Canada;6. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Canada Research Chair in Marine Geology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada;7. GEOTOP Research Center, Canada;8. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg., Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5503, USA;9. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;10. Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;11. UMR 7194 CNRS “Histoire Naturelle de l''Homme Préhistorique”, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d''histoire naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 75013 Paris, France;12. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;13. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;14. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology and Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;15. Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l''Environnement, UJF, CNRS, 54 rue Molière, 38402 St Martin d’Hères, France;p. Centre for Past Climate Studies, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldsbergs Gade 2, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark;q. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China;2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia;1. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;3. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Ottawa, Canada;1. Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States;2. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States |
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| Abstract: | The Upper Carboniferous, coal-bearing sequence of the Intrasudetic Basin (SW Poland) includes coals ranging from high-volatile bituminous to anthracitic rank. The lowest values of reflectance are recorded around the basin margins (0.6% R0 max), the highest ones appear in the center of the basin (exceeding 4% R0 max). Reflectance gradients are very high, reaching 0.6%/100 m in the centre of the basin.A comparison of the isoreflectance maps for three lithostratigraphical units—the Walbrzych, Bialy Kamien and Zacler Formations, with the present-day burial depth and the depth of burial during the Westphalian B/C—indicates that there is a strong relationship between reflectance and the sediment cover during the Westphalian B/C, particularly in the vicinity of Walbrzych and Lubawka. This suggests that the increase in coal rank is related to the increase in cover which permitted the temperature to build-up to high values.In the eastern and central parts of the basin and the Nowa Ruda area, higher reflectance than that derived from burial depth is observed which is believed to result from higher heat flow from the basement. The volcanic rocks of the Intrasudetic Basin appear to have little effect on coal rank and are not considered to be a significant contributor to the heat flow of the region.During coalification, the oldest Westphalian coal seams were buried to about 700 m and the youngest seams of the Walbrzych Formation to 900 m. Around the basin margins the coals had reached their present-day rank by the Westphalian B/C and in the central part probably by the end of the Stephanian. Most effective coalification took place during the Westphalian A,B occupying a period of less than 20 million years. The coalification temperature is calculated to be 160–170°C with a geothermal gradient of 8–10°C/100 m. These geothermal conditions support the suggestion of a volcanic origin for the Intrasudetic Basin. |
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