区域渔业管理组织对脆弱海洋生态系统的保护浅析

21世纪以来底拖网渔业的快速发展给脆弱海洋生态系统（VME）带来极大威胁，导致公海深海渔业发展不可持续以及海洋生物多样性降低。为更好地实现养护海洋渔业资源和保护海洋生物多样性的目标，同时为我国在保护VME以及管理公海深海渔业方面提供参考，文章分析八大区域渔业管理组织（RFMO）针对VME保护采取的系列措施及其保护VME的可行性，针对存在的问题提出对策建议，并对我国在RFMO中保护VME进行展望。研究结果表明：《公海深海渔业管理国际准则》在RFMO保护VME的实践中发挥重要的指导作用；RFMO采取的措施限制深海渔业活动，但为保护VME和养护海洋渔业资源提供重要基础和保障；未来RFMO应加强信息共享和技术合作，发展VME分布预测技术，同时在保护海洋生物多样性方面积极开展双边和多边合作；我国应进一步研究和实践基于生态系统的渔业管理方法，平衡保护与开发利用的关系，积极参与国际渔业管理和VME保护并促进合作，加强南极海域海洋保护区综合治理。

The Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem by Regional Fisheries Management Organization

The vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) faced the great threat from the fast development of bottom trawl fisheries since the 21st century, leading to the unsustainable development of deep-sea fisheries in the high seas and the reduction of marine biodiversity. In order to better achieve the goal of conserving marine fishery resources and protecting marine biodiversity, at the same time provide a reference for China in VME conservation and management of deep-sea fisheries in the high seas, this paper analyzed the series of measures about VME taken by 8 regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) and the feasibility of protecting the VME, put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the existing problems, and looked forward to China in RFMO about the VME protection. The results showed that the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the high seas played an important guiding role in the practice of RFMOs in protecting VME. The measures taken by the RFMOs limit deep-sea fishing activities, but provided an important basis and guarantee for the protection of the VME and the conservation of marine fishery resources. In the future, RFMOs should strengthen information sharing and technical cooperation, develop VME distribution prediction technology, while actively conducting bilateral and multilateral cooperation in protecting marine biodiversity. China should further study and practice ecosystem-based fishery management methods, balance the relationship between conservation and exploitation, actively participate in international fishery management and VME protection and promote cooperation, and strengthen the comprehensive management of marine protected areas in Antarctic waters.