沙尘暴天气及其研究进展综述

沙尘暴是风蚀荒漠化中的一种天气现象, 它的形成受自然因素和人类活动因素的共同影响。自然因素包括大风、降水减少及其沙源。人类活动因素是指人类在发展经济过程中对植被的破坏以后, 导致沙尘暴爆发频数增加。该文重点论述自然因素对沙尘暴的影响, 拟从七个方面对沙尘暴的形成及研究现状进行评述, 即沙源分布与移动路径、时间变化、气候变化的影响、产生沙尘暴的天气系统、沙尘的物理化学性质及起沙机制、大气辐射特性及卫星遥感监测、沙尘暴的数值模拟。文章还介绍了国内外在沙尘暴方面的主要研究成果。

Review of Duststorm Weather and Research Progress

Duststorm is a weather phenomenon near the desertification area. It is formed as a result of nature factors and human activities. Nature factors include high wind, decreasing precipitation and enough sand sources. Human activities result in increasing of duststorm by decreasing vegetation covers in semiarid and arid region during the economical development. The main aspect of the paper is influences of the nature factors, which includes seven aspect of duststorm research. For example, sand distributions and path of duststorm in East-Asia, duststorm periodic variation, the influences of climatic change, a variety of weather system of making duststorm, mechanism of dust emission, utilizing of satellite image and wind erosion model. The present main research results are introduced in detail. In addition, several problems of duststorm research are discussed.