"近自然"生态工法理论和实践的发展与当今坡面整治技术的思考

通过回顾“近自然”水土整治理论的发展历程,介绍了生态工法的内涵及其在各个领域的应用现状。我国传统水土保持各项措施与生态工法的要求显然有一定的差距,特别是坡面整治的措施过于人工化、单一化,没有体现自然生态系统的“个性”,因而是不稳定和不可持续的。实践中沿袭过去兴修水利设施和基本农田的河川沟道治理模式,以土、石坎梯田和埂边植树代替原来坡面的自然面貌,从治理的强度、频度和代价等方面看,均背离了“近自然”治理的思想。生态工法的最终目的是营造一个接近自然的生态系统,真正体现人与自然的和谐,因而具有最大的稳定性和可持续性。如何在实践中贯穿生态工法的原则于水土整治的各项措施中,封禁和培育并进,营造接近自然的稳定的坡面防护体系,是新时期水土保持工作者需要研究和探讨的前沿课题。

Development of Theory and Practice of Eco-engineering and Thoughts on Present Measures for Slope Control

Development of theories on "near-nature" erosion control were reviewed,connotations of eco-engineering and their present application in various sectors were introduced.There are certain differences between traditional erosion control measures and eco-engineering,particularly in slope control.Present measures in slope control was excessively artificial and simplex,do not reflect "personality" of an ecosystem,they are therefore unstable and unsustainable.Those measures for land rehabilitation,such as large scaled construction of hydrological facilities and basic fields,deviate from principles of "near-natural" slope control theory in terms of their intensity,frequency and costs.The final target of eco-engineering is to set up a near-natural eco-system and insure the harmonious relationship between natural and human being.Therefore it's mostly stable and sustainable.How to apply the eco-engineering methods in our action of soil and water conservation and create a stable,near-natural slope protection system is a primary subjects to every involved researchers.