京杭大运河的功能与苏北运河段的发展利用*

京杭大运河历史时期的主要功能是运输和灌溉,增强军事防卫能力,维系政治统治,促进文化交流与经济发展。苏北段跨越黄淮平原和江淮平原,串联众多湖泊,北接鲁西南能源基地,南接经济发达的长江三角洲地区,是苏北地区重要的运输通道。在文献资料汇集整理和实地考察的基础上,提出当代大运河应充分发挥沟通乡镇、"北煤南运"及"南水北调"通道的作用,同时,还应在科学规划的基础上,发挥其历史文化遗迹、旅游民俗休闲与公众教育的功能。针对大运河苏北段水质污染、环境质量下降,航道堵塞及缺乏统一的管理机构等问题,建议加大水污染的防治力度,重视作为运河水源的湖泊水环境保护; 整治航道,在工程中注意保护运河沿岸文物; 成立大运河专门机构,统一规划部署; 加强运河航道管理以及协同地方政府与有关机构保护和利用大运河旅游资源,为申报世界遗产增强实力。

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE JING-HANG GRAND CANAL AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF ITS NORTH JIANGSU SECTION

The Jing-Hang Grand Canal functioned mainly as a transportation route and irrigation line for the feudal kingdom for more than 20 dynasties. The Grand Canal had boosted the economic growth, the social progress, and the cultural exchanging between North and South in China.The North Jiangsu section of the Grand Canal crosses the Huang-Huai Plain and the Jiang-Huai Plain with high land in the north. It strings up many lakes such as the Luoma Lake, the Gaoyou Lake, and the Hongze Lake. Furthermore it connects the southwest of Shandong Province which is an energy base in the north and the economically advanced Changjiang River Delta in the south.Today, the Grand Canal is still functioning well, for example, to transport coal from the north to the south and to connect the communication between cities and towns. The North Jiangsu section of the canal, as it strings many lakes and rivers to form a beautiful landscape which has rich cultural heritage and tourism attraction, has drawn particular attention. Further more, in order to alleviate the water problems in North China, it also takes up the mission of diverting water from the south to the north in the east route. In addition, the North Jiangsu section reflects Chinese culture of thousands of years containing rich social tourism resources. It shoulders new tasks as cultural heritage, tourism and education.Presently, problems such as route jam, water pollution, and the lacking of integrated management start to exit in this section. Based on literature survey and our own field investigation we have the following suggestion on resolving these problems: (1) to prevent and control water pollution. (2) to pay great attention to water environment of the lakes along the Grand Canal. (3) to rebuild the canal route and to take care of cultural relics during the rebuilding. (4) to make unified plans. (5) to preserve and exploit tourism resources.