四川上空大气可降水量时空分布特征

本文利用94个气象台站30 a地面湿度参量资料,采用通过地面水汽压计算大气可降水量的经验公式,分析了四川上空大气可降水量时空分布特征,初步评估了四川地区的空中水资源。结果表明:(1)四川地区空中水资源十分丰富,开发潜力巨大:东部盆地区全年大气可降水量为1178.11 cm、降水效率8.98%;西部高山高原区全年大气可降水量为321.06 cm、降水效率21.16%。(2)大气可降水量和降水效率空间分布明显不均匀,东部盆地区大气可降水量远远高于西部高山高原区,降水效率则是西部高山高原区高于东部盆地区。(3)大气可降水量季节变化明显,一年之中夏季最多,秋季次之,冬季最少。西部高山高原区大气可降水量季节差异尤其显著。(4)30 a来,大气可降水量波动略呈线性增多,大气可降水量年际变化小。 

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Precipitable Water over Sichuan

Using 30a ground humidity parameter data from 94 meteorological stations with empirical equations, this paper calculates and analyzes the spatial-temporal characteristics of precipitable water over Sichuan.And cloud water resources in Sichuan are evaluated as well.It is found that Sichuan is abundant in cloud water resources, which have great potentialities to be exploited.The annual precipitable water and precipitation efficiency in East Basin Area is 1178.11cm and 8.98% respectively, while the annual precipitable water and precipitation efficiency in West Mountain & Plateau Area is 321.06cm and 21.16% respectively.The results show that the spatial distribution of precipitable water and precipitation efficiency is obviously unequal, as the values in West Mountain & Plateau Area is visibly low than those in East Basin Area;that precipitable water in East Basin Area is greatly higher than that in West Mountain & Plateau Area;that precipitation efficiency in East Basin Area is lower than that in West Mountain & Plateau Area.Moreover, precipitable water varies with season obviously, which contributes most in summer (June, July, August), secondarily in autumn, least in winter;and in West Mountain & Plateau Area, seasonal difference of precipitable water is more remarkable.From 1971 to 2000, precipitable water waves with a slight upward tendency and the interannual variation is small.