全新世环境考古研究进展

环境考古研究是国际上的热点问题之一,尤其是针对全新世以来的研究.以往的研究主要集中在气候突变事件对新石器文化的影响、人类对环境变迁的调整与适应、人类对于环境的影响与干预以及史前农业与气候环境的相关等方面.研究结果表明:极端气候事件的确对人类文化与农业文明产生了深远影响,但是人类也一定程度上对气候变迁做出了调整与响应.尽管在很长时间内,人类处于被动角色,但是随着时间延续,人与自然间关系也发生重大变动,逐步演变为人类对于自然的强烈影响与干预.目前各国科学家对此两个问题的讨论已经逐步摆脱定性阶段,开始向定量化方向发展.孢粉、磁化率、有机质等代用指标的运用,使得这一领域具有了更为广阔的前景和生命力.史前农业的研究牵涉的内容较为复杂,包括农业起源、农业传播以及农业发展过程中的诸多问题,它们与气候以及人类活动的关系一直是环境考古学家努力探索的方向,至今该领域的研究仍然存在很大争论和分歧.

Advances of the Geoarcheology in the Holocene

The study of the Holocene geoarcheology is one of the most important projects that have received more attention in the last few decades.A large mount of works has been conducted by the researches all over the world,which focused on the following aspects: How the Neolithic cultures impacted by the abrupt climate events,human adjustment and response to the changing environment,human interference on the nature and the relationship between the prehistoric agricultures and the environmental conditions.Many different kinds of records indicated that the extreme climate event did have made a great impact on the agricultures and the Neolithic culture systems,but human have developed some adaptive strategies under the changing conditions.With the lapse of time,the relationship between human and nature changed greatly and the human altered its passive role and turned to the strong impact and interference on the nature.Up to date,the discussions about these two issues have advanced from qualitative analysis to more accurate understand.The geoarcheology studies based on the multi-proxy data,such as the pollen,the magnetic susceptibility and the organic matter,would be more promising and animate.As an import aspect of Holocene geoarcheology,the studies on the prehistoric agricultures are so complex,which include the problems of the origin,spread and development of the agriculture.Simultaneously,the scientists have been always trying to explore the potential connections among agriculture,environment conditions and human activities.However,it has been a matter of dispute for decades.