我国叠合盆地油气调查战略思考

20世纪我国油气勘探在中、新生代陆相裂谷及前陆盆地中获得油气主要储量，21世纪我国远景储量增长将向古生代克拉通盆地海相碳酸盐岩转移，塔河大油田、苏里格大气田、普光大气田等大型油气田的发现，预示着我国陆上前中生代海相碳酸盐岩具有良好的勘探前景，是我国油气资源战略接替的重要领域。但由于我国含油气盆地绝大多数盆地具有叠合盆地性质，勘探特殊，导致油气增长缓慢。从目前油气勘探程度来看，油气工作朝着两个方向发展，一是寻找油气勘探新区、新领域、新层系、新类型，二是加快主要油气盆地新区油气资源勘探前景评价。这不仅需要高新探测技术的支撑，更重要的是要从观念认识上更新，运用新理论新思想突破对叠合盆地深层油气资源赋存状态的复杂地质构造的规律性认识，从战略高度指导油气勘查和评价工作。盆地分析－油气系统－成藏区带－远景评价构成认识和预测叠合盆地新区和成藏潜力评价的主旋律，而“盆地的完整性、改造的微弱性、封闭条件的完好性”则是叠合盆地油气新区初步评价、战略选区的目标所在。 

THOUGHTS OF STRATEGIC HYDROCARBON SURVEY ON SUPERIMPOSED BASINS IN CHINA

During the 20th Century,most hydrocarbon reserves were found in Meso-Cenozoic continental rifts and foreland basins in China.While in the 21st Century,the increase points of reserves are transferring to Paleozoic marine carbonates in craton basins.The discoveries of Great Tahe Petroleum Field,and Great Sulige and Puguang Natural Gas Fields indicate the favorable exploration prospect of the Pre-Mesozoic marine carbonate in continental China,which is the essential strategic succeeding scope of hydrocarbon resources exploration in China.However,almost all the hydrocarbon-bearing basins in China are superimposed basins,their special exploration situations have caused the slow increase of hydrocarbon reserves.Seeing from the present hydrocarbon exploration extent,the future work will develop toward two aspects,one is in search of new exploration areas,new scopes,new strata and new types,the other is to speeding up the prospect evaluation of the hydrocarbon resources in new areas of the main hydrocarbon-bearing basins.These two aspects require not only the support of newly developed detecting techniques,more importantly,require the updating of the conception and recognizing,using new theories and new thoughts to break through the recognizing of the complex geological tectonic rules controlling the reserving state of the hydrocarbon in the deep of the superimposed basins and instruct the hydrocarbon exploration and evaluation strategically.Basin analysis → petroleum system → hydrocarbon bearing zone → prospect evaluation is the main rhythm of recognizing and predicting new exploration areas and reservoir potential evaluation in superimposed basins.And the basins with characters of integrality,slight reconstruction,and favorable seal boundary are main targets of new exploration area initial evaluation and strategic district selection.The main exploration direction and research field was discussed at the end of the paper.