从古代食玉成风看中国传统玉文化审美经验的跃迁

食玉是魏晋六朝时代的一种流行风气,其积极价值在于以一种粗俗的现实主义精神破坏了汉儒的形式主义比德于玉观,建构了玉审美的俗世主义精神取向,也为复兴先秦以玉类比人之美的生命精神创造了条件.玉石和玉雕本身的美,高度契合六朝美学对自然与人格之美的推崇,在《世说新语》《文心雕龙》等美学经典中,可以看到当时人心中玉之审美经验的高度.因此,六朝,并非一般认为的“古玉”衰落期,而是中国传统玉文化审美转折与范型的重要时期.

Transition of Aesthetic Experience of Chinese Traditional Jade Culture Discussing from the Ancient Custom of Eating Jade

Jade was a popular food in the Six Dynasties era. People think that the custom of eating jade destroyed a lot of jade, so the behaviour has been strongly criticized. But the cus- tom of eating jade also has positive values. Firstly, this custom had a spirit of vulgar realism and destroyed the Confucian aesthetic of Bi-De that based on moralism and formalism. Sec- ondly, it constructed the secular spirit values of jade aesthetic. Thirdly, it also created the conditions for the revival of the pre-Qin period＇s life spirit, when people use jade analogy to describe beauty of personality. The beauty of jade is similar to the beauty of nature and per- sonality which was highly appreciated in the Six Dynasties era. In classic aesthetic books like Shishuoxinyu and Wenxindiaolong, it can be found that aesthetic experience on jade and other arts achieve the same height. Therefore, the Six Dynasties era can not be considered as a decline period of jade art but an important period of aesthetic transition paradigm.