开合旋构造体系及其形成机制探讨:兼论板块构造的动力学机制

开合构造总体上可以表述为:地球膨胀为开,收缩为合;垂向上地球物质离心(地心)运动为开,向心运动为合;水平方向上地球物质相背运动为开,相向运动为合。从驱动机制角度,我们把以热力(热能)为主体驱动的上浮物质运动定义为开;将重力(势能)为主体驱动的下沉物质运动定义为合。因此,开与合是一个高度综合的概念,具有广阔的内涵,开合运动是联系一切地质运动和地质科学的纽带。开合运动具有同步统一性,即垂向的开在水平方向也表现为开;垂向开得强烈,水平方向同样开得强烈,反之亦然。地球刚形成时诸多开合构造是无序的,地球的旋转运动统领地球上所有物质、能量、运动和大大小小的各种开合构造于旋转运动中,并将它们调剂到有序状态。简言之开合构造体系是开合旋运动长期作用下形成的不同时期、不同层次、不同级别的开合旋回组成的动态平衡构造体系。本文总结了地球开合旋构造体系物质组成、结构构造特征和规律,建立了开合旋复杂构造体系简要模型。提出平衡体系的形成机制是开合旋运动遵循地球重力均衡准则、最小内能原理(结晶化)、几何淘汰生长(垂直地心生长)和物质均匀化四条自然演化规律,其中重力均衡准则是主导的。由于地质事件(构造运动)在破坏开合旋平衡体系的同时,经常直接或间接向体系内输入新能量,往往使新的旋回比老旋回的结构构造更符合地质演化的自然规律,于是使地球显得更强大而有活力。这一次又一次的地质事件(构造运动)是开合旋构造体系螺旋式向前发展的动因。本文最后用开合构造观点探讨了地球的形成和演化,分析了板块构造运动的动力学过程。

Discussions on opening-closing-rotating tectonic system and its forming mechanism and on the dynamic mechanism of plate tectonics

The opening-closing tectonics can generally be explained as that the ‘opening’ refers to Earth's expansion and ‘closing’ to Earth's contraction. Viewing vertically, the centrifugal movement (from the Earth center) is opening while the centripetal movement closing; viewing horizontally, the divergent movement of Earth material means opening and the convergent movement closing. Judging from the driving mechanism, we define ‘opening’ as the upward material movement driven by thermal force (thermal energy) and ‘closing’ as the subsided material movement mainly driven by gravity (potential energy). Therefore, opening and closing are highly comprehensive concepts with broad means. Opening-closing movement is a link between all geological movements and geological sciences. Opening-closing movement behaves synchronously with unity. That is to say, vertical opening behaves as opening horizontally, and intensive vertical opening will also have intensive horizontal opening and vise versa. When the Earth was beginning to form, plenty of opening-closing tectonics were disordered. The rotational movement could rule over all materials, energies, movements, and various opening-closing tectonics of all sizes within the rotation movement, and regulate them to an orderly state. In short, the opening-closing system is a dynamic equilibrium tectonic system composed of various periods, levels and ranks of opening-closing cycles formed under long term opening-closing-rotating movement. In this paper, we summarized the composition, textural-structural characteristics and regularity of the opening-closing-rotating tectonic system of the Earth, and constructed a brief model of an opening-closing-rotating composite tectonic system. We proposed that the forming mechanism of the equilibrium system is that the opening-closing-rotating movement follows the four natural principles of evolution: the criterion of gravity equilibrium; the principle of minimum inner energy (crystallization); the criterion of growth following geometrical elimination (vertical to the Earths center); and the criterion of material homogeneous fractionation. Among them, gravity equilibrium is the controlling principle. As geological event (tectonic movement) destroys the opening-closing-rotating equilibrium system, it constantly, directly or indirectly, infuse new energy into the system, which always leads to a new tectonic cycle that runs more efficiently to make the Earth stronger and more energetic. The perpetual occurrence of geological events (tectonic movements) are the dynamic forces for the forward spiral development of the opening-closing-rotating tectonic system. Finally, we discussed the formation and evolution of the Earth and analyzed the dynamic process of plate tectonics, using the view point of opening-closing tectonics.