Mitigation of seismic and meteorological hazards
to marine oil terminals and other pier and wharf structures in California |
| |
Authors: | M L Eskijian |
| |
Institution: | (1) Marine Facilities Division, California State Lands Commission, 200 Oceangate, Suite 900, Long Beach, CA 90802, USA |
| |
Abstract: | For the past 12 years, the California State Lands Commission has been involved in the operational monitoring, structural inspection
and requalification of 45 marine oil terminals along California’s coast, which have an average age of about 50 years and plans
to keep these structures in service for another 20–40 years. Having seen the port and harbor damage from the 1995 Kobe and
1999 Izmit earthquakes, the potential for a major disruption in petroleum product production is real. Losing the daily gasoline
production for a period of weeks or months as a result of a moderate earthquake or tsunami could significantly affect the
economic well being of California and much of the western United States. In addition, a major oil spill resulting from such
an event could cause the closure of a major port for days or even weeks. Such a closure would further affect the economy of
California and the United States. Most of these facilities were designed to primitive seismic standards and for vessels much
smaller than those currently moored. Many of these structures have never had a comprehensive underwater inspection. Wind and
current forces on large tank ships can cause mooring lines to break or cause serious structural damage to supporting structures.
In California, non-regulatory progress has been made in the following areas: (i) underwater and above water inspections or
audits; (ii) mooring analyses and structural/environmental monitoring in high velocity current areas; (iii) seismic analyses
and structural rehabilitation with updated seismic hazard data; and (iv) accelerometers on marine structures. In addition,
standards have been developed and are proposed to be regulatory by early 2004. The new standards include most of the items
listed above, but also extend into many other areas. Along with the proposed regulations come many issues that raise economic
and political questions. These issues are not unique to marine oil terminals and are applicable to other pier and wharf structures
in harbors. |
| |
Keywords: | Marine structures Seismic requalification Mooring analyses |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|