塔里木河上游绿洲土壤表层盐分特征

土壤盐分空间分布特征及其离子组分关系是了解水盐运移规律的关键，可为提出因地制宜的盐渍土改良措施提供科学参考。在土壤聚盐高峰期，采集了塔里木河上游阿拉尔垦区64个样点的表层（0～20 cm）土样，进行盐分指标测定，并采用地统计学和灰关联分析方法研究了土壤盐分的空间分布格局及土壤盐分组成离子对盐分和pH的影响。结果表明：（1）样区土壤含盐量和碱化程度较高，土壤pH具弱变异性，电导率、总盐量和大部分离子含量均具强变异性。（2）电导率、总盐量和大部分离子含量较其他指标的空间变异程度大，结构复杂程度较高。（3）土壤总盐、电导率、Cl-、SO2-4、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和K+分布趋势较为一致，由西北向东南方向递减，在老农区和原生荒漠地含量较高；土壤pH分布表现为从北向东南方向增加；HCO-3在土壤中含量最低，空间分布规律不明显。（4）对盐分指标间的灰关联度分析表明，对研究区盐分指标影响最大的是SO2-4、Cl-和Na+。

Analysis on Characteristics of Soil Salinity in a Typical Oasis in the Upper Reaches of the Tarim River

Study of the characteristics of spatial distribution of soil salinity and relationship between ion components is the key to understanding the salt movement regularity and establishing strategies for soil salinity management. Based on the data collected from 64 surface samples (0-20 cm), spatial variability of soil salinity in Aler reclamation area in the upper reaches of the Tarim river was analyzed by the methods of geostatistics and gray relational analysis. The results showed that: the soil salinity and alkalization were generally high; the variation was weak in pH and strong in electrical conductivity, total salt and most of the ions; the electrical conductivity, total salt and most of the ions had a higher degree of structural complexity compared with other indicators' spatial variability degree; the spatial distribution of total salt, electrical conductivity, Cl-, SO2-4, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were closely related to the regional environment, which showed a decreased trend from northwest to southeast, the pH values appeared an opposite spatial distribution trend; the content of HCO-3 was the lowest in the soil, the regularity of spatial distribution was not obvious. From the analysis of grey correlation, we derived indicators which affect the salinity of the study area were SO2-4, Cl- and Na+.