贵阳市汛期短时强降水时空分布特征

利用加密自动气象观测站和国家气象观测站逐小时观测资料，分析了贵阳市2014-2019年汛期（4-9月）短时强降水时空分布特征。结果表明：贵阳市汛期短时降水呈现中部多，南北少的空间分布特征，大值中心位于清镇市中南部-观山湖区-白云区一带，该区域也是降水量最多，短时强降水贡献最大的区域。贵阳市汛期短时强降水集中在5-8月，其中6月最多，7月次之；一天中相对高值时段为23-03时、7-8时和20-21时，不同月份短时强降水频次日变化存在差异；持续时间≥3h的短时强降水过程集中在清镇市中南部-观山湖区-白云区-乌当区西部一带，次高频区域集中在花溪区中南部及修文县南部；根据影响系统不同，将区域≥20%的短时强降水分为4类，其中低涡切变型最多，占50.9%，冷锋低槽型占35.9%，梅雨锋型占9.4%，两高切变型占3.8%。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Short-time Heavy Precipitation During the Rainy Season in Guiyang

Based on the hourly observation data of dense automatic weather observation station and national weather observation station in Guiyang from 2014 to 2019, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of short-term heavy precipitation during the rainy season (between April and September) were analyzed. The results indicate that the short-term precipitation during the rainy season in Guiyang presents the spatial distribution characteristics of being more in the central part and less in the north and the south. The large value center is located in the central and southern part of Qingzhen - Guanshanhu-Baiyun area, which is also the area with the largest precipitation and the largest contribution of short-term heavy precipitation.The Short-term heavy precipitation in the rainy season in Guiyang concentrated in May to August, with the highest value in June, followed by July. The relative high value periods in a day were 23:00 to 03:00 of the next day, 7:00 to 8:00 and 20:00 to 21:00, and the diurnal frequency of short-time heavy precipitation varies with the monthly variation.The short-term heavy precipitation process lasting more than 3 hours is concentrated in the south-central part of Qingzhen-Guanshanhu-Baiyun-West part of Wudang, and the sub-high-frequency regions is concentrated in the south-central of Huaxi and south of Xiuwen. According to the different impact systems, the short-term heavy precipitation with a regional scope greater than or equal to 20% can be divided into 4 categories, in which the low vortex shear type is the most, accounting for 50.9%, the cold front low trough type accounts for 35.9%, the Meiyu front type accounts for 9.4%, and the two high Shear type accounted for 3.8%.