西南岩溶区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析——以广西为例

生态足迹是一种度量可持续发展程度的方法,能定量判断一个区域生态环境的发展是否处于生态承载能力的范围内.以西南岩溶地广西为例,采用生态足迹的理论和方法对2004年广西区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和实证分析,并与2003年进行了比较.结果表明:广西人均生态足迹由2003年的1.1378 hm2上升到2004年的1.2239 hm2;人均生态承载力由2003年的0.5753 hm2下降到2004年的0.5736 hm2,广西经济社会活动对生态环境的需求强度已经超过了生态承载力的供给;人均生态赤字由2003年的0.5625 hm2增长到2004年的0.6503 hm2,处于不可持续的发展状态.必须采取相应措施,促使广西生态环境发展向良性和可持续方向转化.

The Eco-Environmental Sustainable Development of the Karst Areas in Southwest China Analyzed from Ecological Footprint Model--A case study in Guangxi Region

Since the concept of sustainable development being put forward,many systems of index for measuring the development level of a region have been provided.In the late 1990s,theory of ecological footprint was put forward to deal with the development conditions a certain area.The method of ecological footprint is a simple framework for measuring sustainable development.The status of sustainable development can be judged econometrically.The theory comes from the knowledge that people's consume can be transferred into biologically productive land,which produces all the resources and assimilates all the wastes generated by human.The Karst mountain areas in Southwest China have the well-known vulnerable ecological systems and become the representative poverty regions in China.There are many Karst mountain areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The sustainable development status of ecological environment in Guangxi is estimated based on ecological footprint calculation model and using the data of 2004,and then compared with the ecological footprint in 2003.It is found that: 1) The per capita ecological footprint of Guangxi increased from 1.1378 hm~2 in 2003 to 1.2239 hm~2 in 2004;the per capita ecological capacity decreased from 0.5753 hm~2 in 2003 to 0.5736 hm~2 in 2004;the demand for resources has already exceeded the supply of resources.2) The per capita ecological deficit increased from 0.5625 hm~2 in 2003 to 0.6503 hm~2 in 2004;The development of ecological environment in Guangxi is in an unsustainable state.Effective countermeasures should be taken to ensure the development of ecological environment in a healthy and sustainable way.At last,several suggestions are given to maintain sustainable development of ecological environment in Guangxi Region.