我国大、中草型浅水型湖泊渔业综合开发技术进展

长江中下游湖大多属浅水草型湖泊,长期以来渔业利用处于薄后状态,1986－1990年国家在江苏鬲湖,湖北保定湖和安徽花园湖等地组织了大,中型浅水草型的湖泊的综合开发技术,包括水大面鱼病害控制,围养区层鱼捕捞技术,水体农业模式在内的科技攻关,本文以这五年取得的成果为主,概述了我国大,中型浅水草型湖泊渔业综合开发技术方面的进展。

Summary on technical progress in comprehensive fisheries exploitation of large and medium shallow weed-type lakes in china

Large and medium shallow weed-type lakes account for the major proportion in the eastern plain lake zone in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River. Based on the previous studies , Gehu Lake in Jiangsu Province, Baoan Lake in Hubei Province and Huayuan Lake in Anhui Province were selected for the study during 1986-1990. Through the key technical problem tackling study of comprehensive development, the fish production was raised to 450kg/hm2 from previous 150kg/m2. The output value of the 3 lakes increased by 174 million yuan (RMB) with the total profit of 90 millon yuan(RMB) in the 5 years. At the same time, the good water quality of the lakes was maintained. The comprehensive development techniques of large scale fish culture and enhancement in line with the lake condition, including the fish disease control technique which achieved 60% survival in fingerling rearing and 70% survival in table fish culture in fish pen and cages, and the fishing technique which raised the catching rate of bottom fish to 60%-90% from former 10%-15% in different types of fish pen, the high valued crab, prawn and fish accounted for more than 85% of the total production, have been extended to many weed-type lakes in the country, achieving significant economic, social and ecological benefit. Meanwhile, the study on the utilizing limit, major affecting factor and development pattern of aquatic weeds and the models of hydroagriculture in lake, has filled the blank of the relevant research field. This paper summarized the major progress of the study on comprehensive development techniques of large and medium shallow weed-type lakes in China, focusing on the achievements of technical break-through research project of weed-type lakes carried out in the "7th Five-Year" period.