高岭土矿区生态环境特征与植被恢复技术研究

以福建省闽清县高岭土采矿废弃地研究为例,在对矿区生态环境调查的基础上,选择马尾松、胡枝子、桃金娘、茶树、绿竹、香根草、五节芒等几种植物作为植被恢复的的先锋植物,采取不同的试验处理方法.经过3 a时间,对其生长状况进行测定.结果表明:高岭土矿山分布区植被贫乏;矿区废弃地土壤养分缺乏、土壤pH值较低,它们是植物生长的重要限制因素;选择马尾松、茶树、绿竹、香根草、五节芒进行乔灌草相结合的植物群落配置,结合熟土回填的处理,有利于植物较快生长,取得较好的生态效益和明显的经济效益.鉴于这几种植物在亚热带的广布性,它们是亚热带高岭土矿区进行植被恢复的首选植物.

On the Eco-environmental Characteristics and Vegetation Restoration Technique of Kaolin Mining Zone

Taking a Kaolin mining zone located in Minqing county of Fujian province as an example and on the basis of investigating into eco-environment characteristics of the zone,plants such as Pinus massoniana,Lespedza bicolor,Rhodmyrtus tomentosa,Camellia chinense,Sinocalamus oldhami,Vetiveria zizanioides,Miscanthus floriddulus were selected as pioneering species for vegetation restoration,each with particular treatment.After a period of three years,the growing situation of each plant was determined.The results showed: vegetation of the area where Kaolin mining zone distributed was usually poor;the nutrient condition of abandoned mining area was also poor and the pH value there was relatively low,together making a limiting factor for plants growing;and,when Pinus massoniana,Camellia chinense,Sinocalamus Oldham,Vetiveria zizanioides and Miscanthus floriddulus were chosen and collocated into a community with an arbor-shrub-grass stucture,simultaneously with the disposal of backfilling mellow soil,the plants in the zone would see faster growing,which made it possible to gain sound benefits both ecologically and economically.As the plants are so widely distributed in subtropical region,they should be considered as preferred species for vegetation restoration in Kaolin mining zone of the region.