北方生态脆弱区农户耕地利用集约度及其影响因素分析——以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例

利用内蒙古自治区太仆寺旗的农户调查资料，在农户和地块两个微观尺度上分析了耕地利用集约度及其影响因素。研究结果表明，农户的耕地利用集约度在家庭户主年龄、非农务工劳动力比例、经营的耕地总面积、地块破碎化程度及耕地综合利用能力间存在明显差异：（1）户主年龄较大、非农就业劳动力比例较小的农户，耕地利用的劳动投入一般高于其他农户，而资本投入较低。年轻的农户，参与非农就业的劳动力比例相对较高，耕地利用的资本投入较大；（2）农户经营的地块越破碎，劳动投入越高，而资本投入越低；（3）在土地质量较好的地块上劳动集约度和资本集约度都较高。说明劳动力已成为当地农业生产的一个重要约束因素，同时劳动力的机械替代、规模化经营及资本集约度的提高均存在一定的潜力。文章最后认为建立农业劳动力非农就业与耕地利用相互协调的机制，是解决生态脆弱区生态安全与农业生产之间矛盾的重要途径。

Agricultural Land Use Intensity and Its Determinants in Ecologically-vulnerable Areas in North China: A Case Study of Taipusi County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Based on rural household survey data in Taipusi County in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, this article analyzes agricultural land use intensity and its determinants. The results reveal marked differences of agricultural land use intensity among households with different ages of householders, proportion of non-farm participants, total agricultural land area, land fragmentation and land utilization capacity. （i） Households with older householders and households with a smaller proportion of non-farming laborers generally spend more time on managing their land and invest less capital and materials than other households. The proportion of non-farming laborers within younger households is relatively high, and they tend to invest more capital and materials because the income derived from non-farm employment relaxes their financial constraints. （ii） Land fragmentation is an important determinant of land use intensity. Households with a bigger land size per plot usually spend less time and invest more capital and materials on their land; （iii） Land with better quality is usually managed intensively. The results suggest that labor has become an important constraint for local agricultural production, and there is the potential to improve land management scale and increase machinery input to substitute for labor. Furthermore, the effects of non-farm employment on land use intensity indicate that the establishment of a coordination mechanism between non-farm employment and agricultural land use is an important way to solve the conflict between ecological security and agricultural production in ecologically-vulnerable areas.