北京地区冰雹云生成的宏观条件分析

通过对北京地区1980～2000年出现的重灾雹日中尺度影响系统形势特征、温、湿层结状况及局地条件的综合分析，对冰雹云生成和降雹宏观条件进行了阐述，并介绍了不同影响系统的特征和降雹特点。北京地区冰雹云生成的宏观条件、生成源地及移动路径表现出明显的局地特征。北京地区降雹天气的主要影响系统分别是：低槽冷锋、蒙古涡、西北气流和东北涡天气型。在各降雹系统中，低槽冷锋带来降雹机会最多，东北涡最少。

Analysis of Macroscopic Conditions for Hail Cloud Development in Beijing

The macroscopic conditions for the formation of hail clouds are discussed through analyzing the patterns, thermal and hygrometric stratification conditions and local features of mesoscale influencing systems occurred in severe hail days from 1980 to 2000 in the Beijing area. The features of the different influencing systems and their hail shooting characteristics are described. It is found out that the macroscopic formation conditions, source areas and moving tracks for hail clouds have obvious local features. The influencing systems of hail events in Beijing include such weather patterns as Low Trough Cold Front, Mongolia Vortex, Northwest Flow, and Northeast Vortex, within which the Low Trough Cold Front gives the greatest chance for hail shooting and the Northeast Vortex the least.