油页岩勘探开发现状及进展

油页岩是当今世界热门的非常规油气资源。受石油危机的影响,全球寻找替代能源的脚步不断加快。继美国凭借页岩气革命逆转其天然气长期依赖进口的局面之后,多个国家包括中国越来越重视油页岩这一清洁型的接替能源。本文对油页岩勘探开发现状及进展进行了详细阐述：1油页岩是一种高灰分、有机质含量丰富的未成熟烃源岩,沉积环境有陆相、湖相以及海相三种,其矿床类型可分为近海型和内陆湖泊型;2油页岩在世界范围内储量丰富,美国是油页岩储量最多的国家,中国的油页岩资源也十分丰富,但可采储量明显低于探明储量;3在测井响应方面,油页岩具有低密度、高电阻率、高声波时差及高自然伽玛的特点,主要识别方法有log R重叠法、电阻率法、密度测井法等;4油页岩地震识别方法主要包括甜点属性预测法以及基于岩石物理模型的正反演有机质含量预测法;5油页岩主要对含油率进行评价,可使用的方法包括干馏法、测井评价法和岩石热解法;6页岩油开采是油页岩勘探开发的难点,主要技术包括干馏、原位开采和热转换加工技术等。研究结果对了解油页岩的特征、发展动态、关键技术以及进一步推动油页岩勘探开发具有一定的借鉴作用。

The Present Situation and Progress of Oil Shale Exploration and Exploitation

Oil shale is one of the world’s most popular unconventional resources. Affected by the oil crisis, the world is searching for alternative resources urgently. Many countries are paying more and more attention on this clean energy’s exploration technology not far behind that America may twist the situation that its natural gas comes from imports mostly relying on shale gas revolution. This paper discusses the present situation and progress of oil shale exploration and exploitation：（1） Oil shale is a kind of high-ash and high-organic source rock, its sedimentary environments are divided into three types which are marine facies, lake facies and continental facies and its deposit types contain offshore and inland lake type.（2） The oil shale resources are very abundant in the world especially America, and also China. However, oil shale has lower exploitable reverse than the proved one.（3） Well logging methods include log R method, resistivity method, and density method on the basis of its logging response characteristics such as high nature gamma, high electronic resistivity, high interval transit-time and low density.（4） Seismic methods include sweetness prediction method and rock physics model method.（5） When evaluating oil shale, it is evaluating oil content mainly and methods which can be used include cracking process, logging evaluation and pyrolysis method.（6） Shale oil production is the difficulty of oil shale exploration and development; it can be divided into four types： strip mining with retorting processing, underground mining with retorting processing, the modified in-situ mining and in-situ thermal conversion processing technology. The results of this paper are good references for understanding the characteristics, development, key technologies and further promotion of oil shale.