First operation of bulk micromegas in low pressure negative ion drift gas mixtures for dark matter searches |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK;2. DAPNIA, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cédex, France;1. Physics Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA;2. CEA Irfu, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;3. Physics Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA;4. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Genève, Switzerland;5. IPHT, Centre d’Études de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France;6. Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste and Universita ‘di Trieste, Trieste, Italy;7. Laboratorio de Física Nuclear y Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;8. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA;9. Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey;10. Physics Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905 Israel;11. Technical University of Denmark, DTU Space Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;12. St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia;13. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany;14. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany;15. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;p. National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece;q. Instituto de Ciencias de las Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;r. Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;s. Physics department, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel;t. Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, USA;u. Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;v. Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany;w. Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;x. Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Facultat de Ciències, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain;y. Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan;z. Institut fur theoretische Physik, Universitat Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;11. Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;12. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;13. University of Rijeka, Croatia;14. Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan;15. Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munich, Germany;16. Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan;17. Physics Department, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, USA;18. Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;19. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;110. University of Cape Town, South Africa;111. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA;112. Physics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece;1. Lab. de Física Nuclear y Altas Energías, Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;2. Dogus Univ., Istanbul, Turkey;3. IRFU, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;4. Physics Dep., Univ. of S. Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA;5. CERN, Genève, Switzerland;6. INR, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;7. MPE, Garching, Germany;8. INFN, Sezione di Trieste & Università di Trieste, Italy;9. Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, LLNL, Livermore, California, USA;10. LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA;11. Physics Department, Univ. of Haifa, Haifa, 31905 Israel;12. DTU Space, Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark;13. Enrico Fermi Inst. and KICP, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;14. St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia;15. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany;p. DESY, Hamburg, Germany;q. Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;r. NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece;s. Physics Department, Univ. of Patras, Patras, Greece;t. National Technical Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece;u. Inst. de Ciencias de las Materiales, Univ. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;v. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;w. Physics dep., Ben Gurion Univ., Beer Sheva, Israel;x. Columbia Univ. Astrophysics Laboratory, New York, NY, USA;y. MPI Halbleiterlabor, München, Germany;z. Technische Universität Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany;11. Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;12. Yukawa Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan;13. Inst. für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;14. Inst. de Ciències de l''Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Facultat de Ciències, Bellaterra, Spain;15. Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan;16. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Ins. für Angewandte Physik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;17. Inst. für theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;18. Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;19. Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;110. Physics Dep. & Center for Micro and Nano Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Rijeka, Croatia;111. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany;112. Research Center for Low Temperature & Materials Sciences, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan;113. Dep. of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan;114. Center of Axion & Precision Physics, IBS, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea;115. Department of Physics, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;1p. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany;1q. Dep. of Nuclear Engineering, Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;1r. Univ. of Cape Town, South Africa;1s. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA;1. Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho Sakyoku Kyotoshi, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan;2. Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 456 Higashimozumi Kamiokacho Hidashi Gifu, 506–1205, Japan;3. RCNS, Tohoku University, 6–3 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980–8578, Japan;4. Kobe University, Rokodai, Nada-ku Kobe-shi, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan;1. Seattle Central College, 1701 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA;1. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland;2. Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany;3. Universita e INFN, Napoli, Italy;4. Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | A bulk micromegas micropattern charge readout device has, for the first time, been operated at room temperature in low pressure carbon disulphide vapour. This is a key step opening prospects for use of micromegas readout for large volume negative ion time projection chambers (TPCs) without magnets, such as proposed for directional dark matter detectors and other rare event applications. The dependence of the gain on the amplification field, pressure and drift field has been evaluated. For the available gap size of 75 μm a maximum gain of 1300 ± 120 was achieved in 40 torr vapour with an energy resolution of 22% for 5.9 keV 55Fe X-rays. From a fit to the data, the Townsend coefficient gas parameters A and B have been derived. Operation has also been successfully achieved in xenon:carbon disulphide blends over a range of partial and total pressures. A gain of 890 ± 130 at an energy resolution of 35% has been recorded for a 1:1 blend at a total pressure of 80 torr. Possible improvements are discussed in the context of operation in directional dark matter TPCs as a replacement for multi-wire proportional counters. |
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