乡村地域多功能空间分异特征及类型识别——以辽宁省78个区县为例

以具有国家粮食基地和老工业基地的经济功能与特征的辽宁省为例,通过构建乡村地域多功能评价指标体系,采用ArcGIS自然间断点分级法和全局空间自相关分析农业生产、非农生产、居住生活和生态保障四类功能的空间格局特征,采用Spearman等级相关系数定量分析功能间交互作用,识别各区县优势功能类型,并提出未来发展的政策建议。结果表明：① 从省域层面看,乡村地域功能空间格局的空间差异性和空间集聚特征显著;② 根据乡村地域功能间的相关关系和功能间的互动实际,得出各功能间的交互作用类型,从而为功能调控提供指导;③ 基于功能状态和功能间的交互作用,将辽宁省78个区县划分为8种乡村地域功能类型,并根据类型提出科学谋划辽宁乡村未来发展的初步建议,为促进乡村转型与城乡统筹提供参考。

Spatial differentiation and type identification of rural territorial multi-functions in Liaoning Province

In the new era, China is promoting integrated urban and rural areas. Rural territory is in the process of transformation, development and reconstruction. The features of rural territorial function diversification and multi-functionality have become more and more obvious. This paper takes Liaoning province, which is one of the national grain producing bases and old industrial bases in China, as the research area. It constructs an evaluation index system of rural territorial multifunctions from the following four aspects: agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function, dwelling and living function, and ecological service function. Jenks and Global Spatial Autocorrelation are used to explore the spatial pattern and spatial correlation of rural territorial functions. The Spearman's rho is used to analyze the interactions among rural territorial functions. This paper identifies the dominant function types of different counties in Liaoning province, and puts forward policy recommendations for their future development. The results of the study are reflected in the following three aspects: (1) The spatial distribution of rural territorial functions has obvious spatial heterogeneity and spatial agglomeration characteristics in Liaoning province. The highest and higher values of agricultural production function concentrate in the Liaohe River Plain. Non-agricultural production function decreases from the core urban areas, the highest, and higher values areas to the outside. The highest, higher, and middle values of dwelling and living function concentrate in municipal districts. The highest and higher values of ecological service function are observed in the mountainous areas. (2) According to the correlation among rural territorial functions and the actual interaction among functions, the types of interaction among functions have been clearly identified, which can provide guidance for the regulation of functions. (3) Based on the status and interactions of different functions, eight types of rural territorial functions have been identified. According to the types, preliminary proposals are put forward for the future development of rural areas in Liaoning province, which would provide references for the promotion of the rural transformation and the balanced urban and rural development.